RFID ne NFC wɔ Nnwuma mu: Wɔbɛka Akyerɛ Wɔn, ne Nim a Wobɛhu Nea Ɛsɛ sɛ Wɔde Di Dwuma

 

Akenkan kwan a ɛwɔ datasheet no so no nyɛ akenkan kwan a ɛwɔ wo fam no

 

Ɔkwan a obiara mfa nhyɛ nhomawa mu ne sɛ: akenkan dodow a wɔatintim wɔ tag bi nkyerɛkyerɛmu krataa so no yɛ aduruyɛdan nɔma, na wo adekoradan no nyɛ aduruyɛdan. Dade, nsu, nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano, ɔhyew, ne anim a tag bi hwɛ antenna no mpo nyinaa bɛtew saa akontaabu no so, ɛtɔ mmere bi a kɛse. Wiase tebea ankasa a wɔde RFID ne NFC bedi dwuma wɔ adwumayɛbea fam no yɛ basabasa sen sɛnea datasheet biara kyerɛ, na kwan a ɛda pilot a ɛho tew ne rollout a agyina hɔ ntam no taa tra saa nsakrae ahorow yi mu.

 

 

Wɔn mu pii ma akuw a wɔn ho akokwaw mpo ho dwiriw wɔn. Ɛsono tumi anohyeto a ɛwɔ mmara mu wɔ ɔmantam biara mu, enti UHF tag a wɔkenkan wɔ mita anan wɔ U.S. adwumayɛbea bi betumi akenkan tiawa wɔ Europa wɔ ETSI mmara a emu yɛ den ase. Density yɛ n’ankasa afiri: pack akenkanfo pii dodo kɔ baabi biako na wɔtwetwe wɔn ho wɔn ho na wɔbɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ tag ahorow so, na ɛbrɛ ahotoso ase bere a ɛma ɛka kɔ soro no. Nhwehwɛmu bi a atipɛnfo-hwɛɛ mu hui sɛ akenkanfo a wɔhyɛ da de si hɔ no betumi adu nea wɔbɛka ho asɛm nyinaa ho a akenkanfo sua 46–47% sen nhyehyɛe a wonni adwene (MDPI Sensors nam PMC so). Afei "hidden tag" effect nso wɔ hɔ, baabi a tag bi te honam fam wɔ akenkan beae no mu nanso enni mmuae da esiane multipath reflection nti.

 

NFC kura n’ankasa adesua koro no ara, na ɛda adi bere a tag bi hyia dade anaa fon foforo no. Esiane sɛ ɛsono sɛnea wɔde NFC antenna si hɔ wɔ nsaano mfiri biako mu kɔ foforo so nti, nkyerɛwde a wɔayɛ no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkenkan wɔ sɛntimita anan wɔ fon biako ho no betumi ahwere baabi a wobetumi de adi dwuma no sɛntimita biako anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ foforo ho; na wɔ aluminium a ɛda hɔ kwa te sɛ adwinnade kotoku anaa mfiri panel so no, inlay a ɛyɛ mpapahwekwa betumi agyae mmuae koraa gye sɛ ɛyɛ on-dade nhyehyɛe. Ɛno nti na, wɔ yɛn ankasa benkyi so no, yɛma NFC tag biara fata tia nsaanodwuma ahorow pii ne nea ɛne mounting surface ankasa a ɛbɛtra so no hyia, afei yɛyɛ nhyehyɛe ma ɛyɛ nea etu mpɔn a ɛyɛ sɛntimita abien kosi abiɛsa tiaa sen lab akontaabu no. Da a adetɔfo bi tags kenkan pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ yɛn adwumayɛbea hɔ na ɛyɛ bere ne bere mu nkutoo wɔ wɔn dade shelving so no ne da a margin tua ne ho ka.

 

Baabi a emu biara nya ne gyinabea ankasa

 

RFID ne NFC a wɔpaw ma adwuma bi no taa ba fam kodu mfiridwuma mu nsɛm abiɛsa a ɛsan ba so, na wɔntaa nhyia.

 

Sɛ wopɛ agyapadeɛ akyidie, adekoraeɛ, ne production-line throughput, biribiara a wobɛkenkan nneɛma pii ntɛmntɛm, akyirikyiri, a nnipa mmɔdenbɔ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu, UHF RFID ne adwumayɛ pɔnkɔ. Eyi ne baabi a RFID ne NFC a wɔde di agyapade akyi no fa akwan bi so koraa: NFC no sɛntimita kwan no ma ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛnteɛ ma forklift a ɛde pallet a wɔde nneɛma ahyɛ mu ma twa hyɛn gyinabea pon bi ho. RFID yɛ saa adwuma yi dedaw wɔ logistics, manufacturing, ne retail nyinaa mu, sɛnea yɛn nsusuwii wɔ hobaabi a wɔde RFID di dwuma wɔ nnwuma ahorow mude si hɔ.

 

Wɔ akwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ, nokwaredi, sikatua, ne beae biara a obi hyɛ da de ade bi kyerɛ no, NFC kwan tiaa no bɛyɛ ade titiriw mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ anohyeto. Wɔhyɛ da bɔ tap, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkanyan no wɔ akwanhyia mu, na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ ho ban. Ɛno ne abɔdeɛ mu fie ma RFID ne NFC wɔ access control ne contactless nkitahodi mu. Sɛ woresusuw adansedi nkrataa a wubetumi apaw ama ɔpon nhyehyɛe bi ho a, yɛn125 kHz vs 13.56 MHz kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no ho adansedi krataa no ho ka a wɔkyekyɛnantew fa chip-level ahobanbɔ tiers, cloning asiane ankasa, ne volume bo a wɔbɔ wɔ EM4100, MIFARE Classic, ne DESFire EV2/EV3 nyinaa so.

 

Afifide ankasa dodow no ara kowie sɛ wɔde abien no nyinaa di dwuma. Adwumayɛ kwan baako betumi de UHF RFID adi component carrier bi akyi afa adwumayɛbea no mu bere a NFC tag a ɛwɔ carrier koro no ara so ma mfiridwumayɛfo bi bɔ fon bi na ɔtwe ne nsiesie abakɔsɛm wɔ hɔ ara. Gyinaesi RFID ne NFC mfiridwuma bɛn na ɛkɔ baabi a ɛyɛ layering exercise, ɛnyɛ asɛmmisa biara/anaasɛ.

 

Nsusuwii	UHF RFID a wɔde di dwuma	HF RFID / NFC na ɛyɛ adwuma
Typical akenkan range	Mita (mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ mita 1–10) .	Sɛntimita (0–4 cm ma NFC) .
Akenkan wɔ pass biara mu	Tag pii prɛko pɛ	Tag biako biara
Telefon-a wotumi kenkan	Daabi	Yiw (HF / NFC) .
Mfiridwuma mu fit a eye sen biara	Bulk tracking, nneɛma a wɔde kɔ, nneɛma a wɔakora so	Nkɔsoɔ, nokwaredi, wɔ-agyapadeɛ data so
Nnipa a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu	Nsa-a ɛnyɛ hwee, ɛyɛ adwuma	Tap a wɔahyɛ da abɔ

 

Nea pon no ntumi bo mma wo ne nsakrae a esi nneɛma ho gyinae ankasa. Wɔ volume mu no, plain passive UHF inlay tu mmirika bɛyɛ USD 0.05–0.15 biara, bere a on-metal version a wuhia ma dade shelving anaa tooling taa tu mmirika USD 0.20–0.50, bɛyɛ mprɛnsa kosi anum a ɛboro saa; mfitiase NFC label ma tap-to-hwɛ-out adwinnade mpa taa si fam a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen UHF tag a ɛyɛ den. Wɔ tebea a adi afra mu no, ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ akenkan a wotumi de ho to so biara ho, na ɛnyɛ asɛmti bo no ne nea esiesie gyinaesi no.

 

Ɛnyɛ "secure" cards nyinaa na ahobammɔ wom

 

Sɛ wo project no ka access control a, ɔfa yi ho hia sen range debate no, efisɛ asɛmfua "secure" de trɛw kɛse bi sie. Adansedie a ɛho ka sua a wɔtɔn sɛ RFID ne NFC kwan so kaad pii da so ara yɛ adwuma wɔ chip mfiridwuma a wɔatumi ayɛ no clon bɛboro mfeɛ du so.

 

 

Nhwɛso a emu da hɔ sen biara ne MIFARE Classic. Ne Crypto-1 cipher no, adesua mu nhwehwɛmufoɔ bubuu no wɔ afe 2008 mu tɔnn, nanso kaad no da so ara wɔ adwumayɛbea dwumadie a ɛtrɛ mu ɛfiri sɛ adansedie nkrataa ne akenkanfoɔ ɔpepem pii a wɔbɛsesa no boɔ yɛ den. Asiane a ɛwɔ mu no nyɛ nsusuwii hunu. Wɔ afe 2024 mu no, ahobammɔ ho nhwehwɛmufo daa hardware akyi pon bi adi wɔ MIFARE Classic-compatible chip abusua a wɔde di dwuma kɛse mu, a wohu wɔ ahɔhodan ne adwumayɛbea nhyehyɛe ahorow mu wɔ nsasepɔn pii so, a ɛma wotumi yɛɛ cloning ntɛm ara (RFID Nsɛmma Nhoma). 125 kHz formats dedaw no yɛ mmerɛw da so ara, kura ID a ɛyɛ pintinn na ne titiriw no ahobammɔ biara nni mu (NCC Kuw no).

 

Enti ma memfa gyinabea a ɛyɛ den sen sɛ mɛyɛ hedge: sɛ access-control quote bi ammɔ chip no din a, fa kaad no sɛ encrypted kosi sɛ wɔbɛda no adi sɛ ɛnte saa. Nkɔsoɔ a wotumi gye di no yɛ chip a ɛwɔ cryptography ankasa: MIFARE DESFire EV2/EV3 abusua no, a ɛwɔ AES encryption, mutual authentication, ne diversified keys, nni cloning ntua a mfasoɔ wɔ so a wonim wɔ baguam bere a wɔde adi dwuma yie. Sɛ adetɔfoɔ ka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ yɛmfa RFID ne NFC kaad ahobanbɔ grade mma ɔpon nhyehyɛeɛ bi a, saa antweri no ne deɛ yɛde wɔn kɔ soro, na ɛno nti na yɛde DESFire-grade options sie yɛnaccess control RFID card range a wɔde chip ahobammɔ tier ahyɛ mummom sen sɛ wobɛ default akɔ inlay a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara no so.

 

Sɛnea "digital transformation" te bere a ɛyɛ adwuma, ne bere a ɛnyɛ adwuma

 

"Digital transformation" nya bolted onto RFID ne NFC enti mpɛn pii kasasin no ɛkame ayɛ sɛ emptied out, enti ɛboa ma anchor no to biribi concrete. Wɔ adwumayɛbea a ɛka bom mu no, RFID ne NFC a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔde ma mu no ma honam fam nneɛma nya dijitaal nkyerɛkyerɛmu: nnwinnade, nneɛma a wɔde fa nneɛma, ne afã horow a ɛbɔ wɔn beae ne wɔn tebea ho amanneɛ, ɛma ERP anaa MES aduan wɔ bere ankasa mu, na ɛtew akyirikyiri a ɛda biribi a ɛrekɔ so ne obi a onim ho asɛm ntam.

 

Mmarahyɛ repiapia wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so. Europa Aman Nkabom no Digital Product Passport mmara a ɛreba no bɛhyɛ item-level traceability mu akɔ product categories a na enni bi da mu, na RFID ne NFC smart labels reyɛ honam fam layer a ɛma saa traceability no tumi yɛ yiye; chipmakers de nneɛma rekɔma dedawNFC tags a wɔayɛ ama Digital Product Passport ahwehwɛdeɛ.

 

Kɔkɔbɔ asɛm no yɛ nkyerɛkyerɛ te sɛ nkonimdi ho asɛm no, na ɛfata sɛ wuhu ansa na wode wo nsa ahyɛ biribiara ase. Bere a Walmart de ne RFID ahyɛde a edi kan mae wɔ afe 2003 mu no, rollout no tuu mmirika dii tag bo ne akenkan a wotumi de ho to so nyinaa anim; wɔ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no mu fi saa bere no mu no, mfaso a wonnya fi sika a wɔde asie no mu ne ade biako pɛ a wɔkaa ho asɛm kɛse, na wɔn a wobisabisaa wɔn nsɛm no mu bɛyɛ 42% bɔɔ din (Houston Sukuupɔn, Bauer Kɔlege). Dwumadi no gyaee. Nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛyɛɛ adwuma no baeɛ bɛyɛ mfeɛ aduonu akyi, berɛ a na tags no so atew afiri bɛyɛ cent aduonum biara akɔ cent kakraa bi wɔ Walmart ahyɛdeɛ mfeɛ mu, na akenkan abɛyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so a ɛbɛboa inventory pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛboro 97%, akontabuo a Auburn Suapɔn RFID Lab abɔ ho amanneɛ ama nnɛyi retail RFID deployments. Asuadeɛ no ne deɛ adetɔnfoɔ ntaa mfa wɔn ho mma: sɛdeɛ RFID ne NFC yɛ adwuma wɔ Industry 4.0 mu no ho nhia koraa sene sɛ ebia wo unit sikasɛm no to mu ankasa kan, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ tag ka, akenkan a wotumi de ho to so, ne akatua a ɛda adi pefee, ansa na woayɛ biribiara scale.

 

Baabi a wubefi ase a worentow kyakya wɔ adwumayɛbea no

 

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ akuo a wɔnya RFID ne NFC wɔ adwumayɛ mu yie no mmue da mfa adwumayɛbea-wide rollout. Wɔfa bounded use case biako (dock pon biako, adwinnade crib biako, access point biako), tɔ tags ɔhaha kakraa bi ne akenkanfo biako, tu mmirika bɛyɛ ɔsram biako, na wɔhwɛ akenkan dodow ansa na wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ biribi kɛse biara mu. Sɛ saa pilot no ntumi nsiesie bɛyɛ 95% akenkan a wotumi de ho to so a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na fix no yɛ nneɛma abiɛsa no mu biako: antenna a wɔde si hɔ, tag a wɔpaw, anaasɛ mounting surface. Ɛhe na ɛyɛ, ne sɛnea wobɛsiesie no a worensɛe sika pii -wɔ akenkanfoɔ ho, gyina wo soro ankasa ne akenkan geometry so, enti ne boɔ yɛ mmerɛ koraa sɛ wobɛyɛ saa adwuma wɔ ɔpon baako so sene sɛ wobɛtwa aduanan.

 

Hardware a wobɛpaw a ɛbɛfata tebea no sen sɛ wobɛfa catalog line a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara no ne baabi a sɛ wo ne nea ɔyɛ nneɛma bɛkasa mmom sen sɛ wobɛkasa akyerɛ obi a ɔtɔn nneɛma bio a, ɛma wonya ne keep. Yɛasisi RFID ne NFC nneɛma firi afe 2006 afiri 3,600-square-meter adwumayɛbea, de akɔ Europa, Amerika, Mfinimfini Apueeɛ, ne akyirikyiri firi afe 2012, na yɛyɛ OEM ne ODM adwuma kɔ spec ase wɔ ISO-controlled production ase. Sɛ wo tebea no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ da-tap nokwaredi a, yɛnNFC tags a wɔasi ama nkitahodi tiawa-a ahobammɔ womyɛ nhyehyɛe a edi kan a ntease wom; sɛ ɛyɛ access control anaasɛ identity a, yɛnRFID kaad a wɔde chip ahobammɔ tier ahyɛ muma wo ne adansedi krataa no ne asiane ankasa a ɛwɔ mu no nhyia. Nhwɛsoɔ a wɔde tu mmirika a wontua hwee wɔ w'ankasa wo soro na akenkanfoɔ bɛka pii afa wiase a ɛfata ankasa ho akyerɛ wo sene sɛdeɛ datasheet biara bɛtumi.