Ɔkwan Bɛn so na Key Cards a Wɔde Ma Ahɔhodan Ahorow Yɛ Adwuma? RFID, Magstripe, ne Tech a ɛwɔ Tap no akyi

 

Mfiridwuma abiɛsa, ahobammɔ ho nsɛm abiɛsa a ɛsono emu biara koraa

 

Wɔ ahyɛnsode no ase no, ahɔhodan mu dan ho adansedi krataa biara di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma abiɛsa no mu biako so, na ɛsono emu biara yɛ n’ade bere a biribi ankɔ yiye no.

 

Magnetic stripe ne ɔkwan a akyɛ sen biara a wɔda so ara yɛ adwuma da biara da. Ahɔho data te ase sɛ magnetized particles wɔ esum band a ɛwɔ akyi no mu, na lock no kenkan bere a card no twe fa slot bi mu no. RFID versus magnetic stripe hotel key card asɛmmisa no taa fi ase wɔ ha, efisɛ stripe no ne ɔkwan a ne bo nyɛ den a ɛyɛ komm a ɛbɔ ka kɛse akyiri yi: ɛnkora biribiara so yiye, ɛsɛe bere a wɔde di dwuma no, na wɔ agyapade dodow no ara so no, ɛde low-coercivity stock a ɛde ne encoding ma magnet a ɛyera anaasɛ adagyew re{3}}encoding cycle a ɛyɛ ntɛm sen sɛnea nkurɔfo hwɛ kwan no di dwuma.

 

RFID kaad de swipe no sesaa tap, na ɛha na sɛnea RFID safe kaad a wɔde ma ahɔhodan ahorow yɛ adwuma no ntease yɛ anigye. Chip ketewaa bi ne kɔbere antena a wɔabɔ no akuturuku te plastic no mu a wɔatoto mu. Ɔkenkanfo a ɔwɔ lock no mu no tow radio field bi gu, saa field no ma chip no nya ahoɔden a battery nni hɔ na contact biara nni mu, na chip no de ne credential a wɔde asie no bua. Mpɛn dodow a wɔyɛ no ne nsɛm a nkyerɛkyerɛmufo dodow no ara twa so.Legacy access cards no tu mmirika wɔ 125 kHz, low-frequency band a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ enni ahobammɔ biara; nnɛyi gyinapɛn no yɛ 13.56 MHz, frequency a ɛkorɔn-frequency band a MIFARE chip abusua no ne NFC kyɛ. Abɔde mu nneɛma koro no ara, ahobammɔ soronko koraa a egyina chip a ɛtra so no so.

 

 

NFC mobile keys yɛ layer foforɔ, ɛnyɛ adwene foforɔ sene 13.56 MHz exchange korɔ no ara a wɔde akɔ fon so, a ɛsuasua kaad na ɛne Bluetooth{1}}tumi lock kasa denam credentials a wɔde ma wɔ mobile check-in so. Twe no yɛ adwuma, ɛnyɛ nea aba so ara kwa: Cornell nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ simma anum-twɛn wɔ check-in betumi atew ahɔho abotɔyam so bɛyɛ fã (BDC Nkitahodibea), na sɛ wuhuruw wɔ pon no so a, ɛno ne ahɔhodan ahorow a wɔtaa tua ho ka no. Sika no di nea ɛrekɔ so no akyi, na ahɔhodan mfiridwuma a wɔmfa nkitahodi nni dwuma no bo bɛyɛ U.S. dɔla ɔpepepem 4.8 wɔ afe 2025 mu na wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ebedu afe 2034 no, ebedu bɛyɛ U.S. dɔla ɔpepepem 14.6 (Dataintelo na ɔkyerɛwee), na na nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn kɛse bi wɔ telefon so safe a ɛwɔ ahɔhodan bɛboro 1,800 mu wɔ afe 2019 awiei (Ahɔhoyɛ Mfiridwuma). Frequency a wɔpaw no ho hia kɛse bere a worekyerɛ lock hardware no. YɛnRFID ne NFC a wɔpaapae mu ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde emu biara di dwumakata saa gyinaesi no so, nanso wɔ ahɔhodan foforo a wɔbɛsi ho no, mprempren 13.56 MHz ne fam a mfaso wɔ so.

 

Wɔ fã-sekan mu bere a ɔpon bi bue

 

Ahɔhodan pon bi kenkan wo krataa no na esi gyinae wɔ sekan fã ketewaa bi mu, na anammɔn a wobɛfa so no yɛ mmerɛw sen sɛnea ahoɔhare no kyerɛ.Ɔkenkanfo no ma radio field bi fi adi, passive chip no nyane na ɛsan de adansedi krataa a wɔakyerɛw akɔma no no ba, lock no controller no de ɛno toto access rule a okura no ho, na sɛ dan no ne nna no hyehyɛ mu a, ɛka bolt no. Saa na ahɔhodan mu safe kaad yɛ adwuma wɔ gyinabea a ɔhɔho bi hu da no.

 

Nea ɛkɔ ase ne ɔfã a ɛfata sɛ wuhu: ahɔhodan apon ano apon dodow no ara nni intanɛt so. Live server check biara nni hɔ, network cable biara nni hɔ. Ɛno yɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ, efisɛ ɛma agyapade bi de batere tumi tu apon mpempem pii a wɔmfa IT nhama nkɔ frame biara so. Aguadi no ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ kwan ho ntease no tra kaad no ankasa so, ɛno nti pɛpɛɛpɛ na wo adansedi krataa no kura n’ankasa bere a atwam na egyae adwuma wɔ bere a worekɔtotɔ nneɛma mu sen sɛ wobedum no wɔ akyirikyiri, ne, sɛnea ahobammɔ ho kyerɛwtohɔ no kyerɛ no, nea enti a kaad a wɔayɛ no atoro a ɛkura data a ɛfata betumi abue ɔpon bi a anim pon no amma ho kwan da. Wɔ card-side mechanics no level biako kɔ fam, yɛn nkyerɛkyerɛmufo no sonea RFID smart card de sie ne sɛnea ɛyɛ ho biribikɔ akyiri sen saa.

 

Nea wo kaad no nim fa wo ho, ne nea ennim

 

Ɛfata sɛ wosiesie kokoam nsɛm ho dadwen a ɛsan ba bio. Ahɔhodan mu dan kaad taa kura dan nɔma, wo check-in ne check{2}}out dates, ne kwan a wobɛfa so akɔ mu a wɔakyekyere no wɔ code bi a agyapade no nhyehyɛe no te ase nkutoo ho. Nea ahɔhodan mu safe kaad a wɔakyerɛw no yiye nkura ne wo din, wo fie address, anaa wo sikatua ho nsɛm. Kaad no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ kyerɛwtohɔ bi a ɛwɔ ahɔhodan no nhyehyɛe no mu, na ɛnyɛ saa kyerɛwtohɔ no bi. Fa gu abɔnten na obi a ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma nsua wo ho hwee; wɔ nnɛyi adansedi krataa a wɔabɔ no kokoam so no, wontumi nnan no safe a ɛyɛ adwuma mpo a wonni nea ɛboro awiabere a ɛyɛ anigye koraa.

 

 

Ahobammɔ ho abakɔsɛm a nhomawa ahorow no gyaw no

 

Sɛnea ahɔhodan atitiriw ho nkrataa yɛ adwuma no si nea ɛsen nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw ho gyinae:chip mfiridwuma a ɛwɔ mu no de sɛnea ɔpon no betumi ayɛ nea ahobammɔ wom da no ho nhyehyɛe, na adwuma no de bɛboro mfe du de akyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware.

 

Wɔ afe 2012 mu no, Mozilla developer bi a ɔdanee nhwehwɛmufoɔ a wɔfrɛ no Cody Brocious nantew kɔɔ Black Hat USA stage wɔ Las Vegas a na ɔwɔ gadget a wɔde bɛyɛ aduonum-dɔla Arduino board. Ɔde hyɛɛ power-ne-programming port a ɛwɔ Onity electronic lock a wɔde di dwuma kɛse no ase, kenkan lock no memory, na ɔpopaa ɔpon no. Saa apon no tra adan bɛyɛ ɔpepem anan kosi anum so wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔ asram kakraa bi mu no, ɔkwan koro no ara puei wɔ korɔnbɔ ankasa mu, a laptop a wowia fii Hyatt bi mu wɔ Houston Galleria, faako a akyiri yi polisifo kyeree obi a wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ ɔsɛmmɔnedifo no ka ho; Onity aduru ne port plug a wontua hwee a wɔde firmware-ne{8}}circuit-board upgrade a ɛhwɛ kwan sɛ ahɔhodan betua ho ka, na adoption twee (Nkyerɛwde no).

 

2024 asɛm no yɛ den sɛ wobɛwosow. Nhwehwɛmu kuw bi daa sintɔ ahorow bi a wɔato din Unsaflok adi a eduu apon bɛyɛ ɔpepem abiɛsa wɔ agyapade bɛyɛ 13,000 so wɔ aman 131 so (BleepingKɔmputa a Wɔde Di Dwuma). Na ntua no hia keycard biako a wɔkenkan fi agyapade no mu ne ɔkyerɛwfo a ne bo nyɛ den na ama watumi ayɛ kaad abien a wɔayɛ no atoro, na nea enti a egye abien no fata sɛ yɛte ase: kaad a edi kan no san kyerɛw lock no mu tebea, na ɛno akyi nkutoo na kaad a ɛto so abien no bue (Unsaflok na ɛyɛ adwuma). Ɛyɛɛ adwuma ɛfiri sɛ saa locks no de ne ho too MIFARE Classic card a ayɛ dedaw a ɛwɔ proprietary key scheme a wobetumi ayɛ reverse-engineered so, na esiane sɛ na wobetumi atwe bolt no wɔ software mu nti, deadbolt no amma backstop ankasa biara. Saa access-control chip mmerɛwyɛ ahorow no du akyiri sen lock brand biako, ɛno nti na credential choice mmom sen lock branding ne control ankasa, tradeoff a yɛde to hɔ wɔ yɛn nkyerɛwde muaccess-control card ahobammɔ ne sɛnea wobɛpaw.

 

 

Wɔ ɔkwan soronko so no, akyiri yi nhwehwɛmufo huu hardware akyi pon bi wɔ MIFARE-compatible chips bi a wɔayɛ wɔ China mu, nea ɛwɔ ahɔhodan ahorow mu dedaw wɔ U.S., Europa, ne India nyinaa (TechRadar). Asɛm abiɛsa no nyinaa kura asuade biako: "ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ RFID so, enti ɛyɛ ahobammɔ" yɛ kasamu a abɔ akwakoraa kɛse.

 

Sɛ wotɔ anaa wokyerɛ saa nkrataa yi a, kenkan huammɔdi ahorow no kɔ akyi

 

Ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ RFID kaad a wɔde encrypted ayɛ no clone sen magnetic stripe. Saa asɛmti no teɛ, na AI nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano bɛsan atĩ mu akyerɛ wo anigye so. Nea kasamu no yi fi mu komm ne nsakrae a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia w’agyapade yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom anaa:chip abusua bɛn na ɛte mu, ne nea ɛyɛ ne silicon. Ɛno ne ɔfã a wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma dodow no ara renkɔ so wɔ wɔn ankasa so, na ɛhɔ na adwumayɛbea bi adwene ne nea ɔtɔn nneɛma foforo de no kyɛ.

 

Bare MIFARE Classic no afiri pon so seesei, ɛmfa ho nea agyapadeɛ tier no teɛ, ɛfiri sɛ Unsaflok a wɔda no adi no maa saa frɛ no yɛɛ daa na chip a wɔabubu wɔ cryptographically firi 2008 nni adwuma biara a ɛwɛn ahɔhodan bi. Nea aka sɛ wosi ho gyinae ne encryption-grade chip bɛn na ɛfata wo locks, budget, ne rollout, na key cards a wobɛpaw ama ahɔhodan no mu paapae yiye yɛ abiɛsa. Budget anaa agyapade ahɔhodan a ɛreyɛ magstripe dedaw no betumi ayɛ nea ntease wom sɛ ɛbɛkora so mprempren na ayɛ desk nhyehyɛe no mu den na wɔasan de ahotew akyerɛw bio, efisɛ hardware a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔbɛtetew mu de ataa ahunahuna a n’ahɔho renhyia da no yɛ n’ankasa nneɛma a wɔsɛe no. Mid-range foforo build nni anoyi biara a ɛbɛkyerɛ ase a13.56 MHz adansedi krataa a wɔabɔ no kokoam. Flagship layering NFC mobile keys da so ara hia honam fam fallback card no encrypted, efisɛ saa fallback no ne nea ɔtowhyɛfo kɔ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.

 

Saa adwuma a ɛne ne ho hyia no ne nea yɛyɛ ma ahɔhoyɛ afɛfo: fata adansedi krataa no ma ahunahuna nhwɛso no, steering procurement clear of broken chip mmusua, ne confirming silicon provenance sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a akyi pon bi rentumi mma shrink-wrapped. Anamɔn a ɛkyerɛ ankasa sɛ ebia w’apon no yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom ne nea wɔantintim wɔ ha: tumi krataa a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ fi obi a ɔde chip ma no hɔ, sɛnea wubesi NXP anaa Infineon fã ankasa so dua sen sɛ wobɛkyerɛ clone a wonni tumi krataa, ne sɛnea wobɛkenkan agyapade bi kaad a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no ansa na woasan akra. Saa checklist no ne variable suppliers tra komm wɔ ho, na yɛbɛkyɛ yɛn de bere a wɔabisa. Sɛ woreyɛ sourcing acustom-encoded hotel key cards a wɔasi wɔ encryption-grade chip a wɔagye atom so, fa chip no bue nkɔmmɔbɔ no, na ɛnyɛ adwinni no; wɔ ahomegyebea ahorow a ɛtrɛw kwan a wɔfa so kɔ atare, spa, ne mmeae a nhyiam ahorow wom no fam no, ntease koro no ara na ɛkɔRFID nsateaa a wɔde hyɛ ahɔhodan ne ahomegyebea hɔ, na ɛkɔRFID a wɔde horo nneɛma ho nsɛnkyerɛnnea ɛde nwera fa akyi-fie nhyehyɛe koro no ara mu.

 

Nea ɛwɔ asɛm no mu

 

Sɛnea kaad titiriw nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde yɛ ahɔhodan ahorow yɛ adwuma no ba fam wɔ ade biako so, chip no, na nnwuma no atua ka sɛ wobu wɔn ani guu so wɔ apon ɔpepem abiɛsa so. Ansa na wo card order a edi hɔ no bɛmena no, hwɛ chip awo ntoatoaso ne ne fibea, fa biribiara a wɔasi wɔ bare MIFARE Classic so sɛ nea ɛnyɛ-starter, na bisa wo supplier no sɛ ɔnkyerɛ fibea. Sɛ wontumi a, ɛno ne wo mmuae, na ɛyɛ bere a ɛfata sɛ wode adwumayɛbea a ebetumi aba.