EM Card wɔ Access Control: Ahorow, Ahobammɔ & Sɛnea Wɔpaw (2026)
May 14, 2026
Gyae nkrasɛm bi .
125kHz Card a Ɛda so ara yɛ Adan dodow no ara
Nantew kɔ ɔfese dan biara a ɛwɔ mfinimfini, atrae dan, anaa mfiridwuma beae, na hokwan ahorow wɔ hɔ sɛ akwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ a wɔn a wɔagye adan no kura wɔ wɔn sika kotoku mu no yɛ adwuma wɔ 125kHz. Eyinom yɛ EM kaad, proximity credentials a wɔasi wɔ EM4100 anaa TK4100 chipset so, na wɔda so ara yɛ ɔpon-kwan mfiridwuma a wɔde adi dwuma kɛse wɔ okyinnsoromma yi so. Ahyehyɛde ahorow bɛboro 73% wɔ wiase nyinaa de wɔn ho to RFID-a egyina akwan a wɔfa so nya kwan bi so (Guadi mu Nkɔso Amanneɛbɔ), na saa nnyinaso a wɔde ahyɛ mu no mu kyɛfa kɛse da so ara de EM mfiridwuma di dwuma fi 2000 mfe no mfiase.
EM kaad yɛ RFID adansedie krataa a ɛnyɛ adwuma, akenkan-nko. Ɛkura 64-bit unique identifier (UID) a wɔahyew daa wɔ chip no mu wɔ adwumayɛbea hɔ. Batere biara nni mu. Sɛ kaad no hyɛn akenkanfo a ɛne no hyia no anyinam ahoɔden mu, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ sɛntimita 2 kosi 15 a, afiri no ma kɔbere antenna coil a wɔde ahyɛ kaad no mu ahoɔden, na chip no nam Manchester-encoded modulation so de ne UID no kɔ. Ɔkenkanfo no kyere saa nɔma no, de kɔma ɔpon sohwɛfo bi, na nea ɔhwɛ so no hwɛ mu wɔ database bi ho de si gyinae sɛ ebia ɔpon no bebue anaa. Adetɔ akuw a wɔrehwehwɛ aem4100 kaad a wɔde kɔ ɔpon anowɔtaa hwɛ saa chip yi pɛpɛɛpɛ, anaa ne pin{0}}compatible clone, TK4100.
Honam fam no, EM bɛn kaad a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no ne ISO 7810 ID-1 nsusuwii hyia (85.5 mm × 54 mm × 0.76 mm) na wɔde PVC, ABS, anaa PET na ɛyɛe a egyina ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛfa sɛnea ɛbɛkyɛ so. Ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma no fi digrii −20 kosi digrii 50 . Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohwɛ sɛnea RFID chips sie na ɛde data kɔ protocol level no mu kɔ akyiri a, Syntek mfiridwuma mu nsusuwii no kata...sɛnkyerɛnne ne encoding mfitiasesɛm.
Ɔkwan Bɛn so na EM Kaad Yɛ Adwuma wɔ Access Control System mu?
Em card access control nkitahodi biara di sɛnkyerɛnne nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn koro no ara akyi: card → akenkanfo → controller → database → anyinam ahoɔden lock. EM kaad akenkanfoɔ ma kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no de UID a wɔakyere no adi denamWiegand 26-bit protocol a ɛwɔ hɔ, mfe du du-de interface a abɛyɛ de facto wiring gyinapɛn wɔ access adwumayɛ mu. Wiegand 26-bit ma EM kaad ahorow no akenkanfo a ɛne ne ho hyia soronko: ɛkame ayɛ sɛ access controller biara a ɛwɔ gua so no begye atom.
Esiane sɛ Wiegand 26-bit payload yɛ nɔma a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔmfa encrypt a enni session authentication biara nti, mfiri biara a ebetumi asiw sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda akenkanfo ne controller ntam no betumi asan abɔ saa credential no bio. Bue a ɛmaa 125kHz nhyehyɛe ahorow yɛɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma no yɛ agyapade koro no ara a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsɛe no.
Nsɛm a ɛtaa ba a wɔde di dwuma a nhyehyɛe a egyina EM-da so ara di tumi no bi ne mpɔtam hɔ apon a wɔte mu, akwanside a ɛwɔ baabi a wɔde kar sisi, adwumayɛbea fam bere-gyinabea a wɔba, ne apon a ɛto so abien a ɛwɔ sukuupɔn akɛse mu. Sɛ wopɛ mfonini a ɛtrɛw a ɛfa sɛnea RFID mfiridwuma hyia nnɛyi akwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ ho nhyehyɛe mu a, Syntek nnianim asɛm a ɛfa RFID kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ ho nhyehyɛe ho no yɛ abɔde a nkwa wom nhyehyɛe no nyinaa ho mfonini.
EM Card vs. IC Card vs. CPU Card: Nea Ɛsono No Ankasa
Ntotoho nsɛm dodow no ara de feature table bi si hɔ na ɛkɔ so. Mfaso wɔ pon no so, nanso nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa wɔ adetɔ ho no te n’ase.
| Nsusuwii | EM Kaad (ID Kaad) . | IC Kaad (Mifare) . | CPU Kaad no |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mpɛn dodoɔ | 125 kHz na ɛwɔ hɔ | 13.56 MHz na ɛwɔ hɔ | 13.56 MHz na ɛwɔ hɔ |
| Nkaeɛ | 64-bit UID, akenkan nkutoo | 1–4 KB, kenkan-kyerɛw | 8–64 KB+, kenkan-kyerɛw ne OS |
| Encryption a wɔde hyɛ mu | Ɛnyɛ ebiara | CRYPTO1 (Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma) / AES (DESFire) . | AES-128/256, crypto engine a ɛwɔ kaad so |
| Cloning a wɔko tia | Obiara nni hɔ - a wɔayɛ no clone wɔ sekan mu | Ɛba fam (Classic) kosi Ɔsoro (DESFire EV3) . | - mutual nokwaredi a ɛkorɔn yiye |
| Multi{0}}adwuma a wɔde di dwuma | Dwumadi biako pɛ | Moderate (wɔde kɔ + nnipa a wɔba) . | Full (akwan a wɔfa so nya, sikatua, nipasu) . |
| Unit ka (dodow) . | $0.08–$0.15 | $0.30–$1.20 | $1.50–$5.00+ |
| Typical use case | Mfitiaseɛ pon ano kwan, baabi a wɔde kar sisi | Office kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ, sukuupɔn no mu nkrataa | Aban ID, sikakorabea, akwantuo |
Ɛka a wɔbɔ no gyina Syntek dodow a wɔkra no bo so wɔ 10,000+ unit volumes; bo ankasa gu ahorow sɛnea chip variant, printing, ne encoding ahwehwɛde ahorow te.
Nsonsonoe titiriw a ɛda ntamem kaad ne Mifare kaadɛnyɛ frequency nɔma ara kwa. Ɛyɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda adansedi krataa a ɛde nɔma a wɔahyɛ da ahyɛ da ma obiara a ɔretie ne adansedi krataa a ebetumi asɔ ɔkenkanfo no mpoa sɛ ɔnkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ n’ankasa nipasu ansa na wakyɛ data ntam. Wɔ IC kaad ne CPU kaad ntam no, ahurututu no firi sector-level key ahobanbɔ so kɔsi full on-card operating system a ɛtumi yɛ cryptographic applets, architecture korɔ no ara a ɛbɔ bank card ne ɔman IDs ho ban.
Ahobammɔ Nokware a Ɛfa EM Kaad Ho: Nea Akwankyerɛfo Dodow no ara Gyae
Ɛha na nkyerɛkyerɛ mu nsɛm dodow no ara gyina "EM cards can be copied" na ɛkɔ so. Nokwasɛm no yɛ pɔtee kɛse, na nsɛm pɔtee no ho hia ma obiara a ɔresi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛtɔ nneɛma anaasɛ ɔbɛma nneɛma ayɛ yiye.
EM4100 kaad de ne UID no kɔ baabi a emu da hɔ, a nsa a wɔde kyere no nni mu, bere biara a ɛbɛhyɛn akenkanfo afuw bi mu. Ahobammɔ ho nhwehwɛmufo ada no adi sɛ clones a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔde nsa a wɔde RFID mfoninitwa mfiri a ne bo nnu dɔla 20 na ɛyɛe wɔ nea ennu sikɔne 30 mu (Ahobammɔ Ho Nyansahufo). Wɔ afe 2013 mu no, nhwehwɛmufoɔ bi a ɔwɔ Bishop Fox yɛɛ Arduino-gyina 125kHz akenkanfoɔ-kyerɛwfoɔ de kyerɛɛ saaem4100 rfid kaad ahobammɔno, wɔ ɔkwan a mfaso wɔ so so no, ɛne barcode a wɔde yɛ mfonini (Kisi).
Nanso asiane no trɛw sen obi a ɔbɛfɛm kaad simma biako. Adesua mu nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ tumi a ɛkorɔn-antena nhyehyɛe ahorow tumi kenkan 125kHz EM kaad UID fi akyirikyiri kosi mita 3, a ɛboro kaad wura nim so koraa sɛ wɔregye wɔn adansedi krataa (MDPI Technologies). Ɛno ma "kaad a ɛwɔ wo kotoku mu" korɔnbɔ yɛ ntua vector a ɛyɛ nokware, ɛnyɛ nsusuwii mu de.
Ɔfã a adetɔnfo-akyerɛw nsɛm dodow no ara renka nkyerɛ wo ni: sɛ wobɛma wo ho so afi EM so akɔ Mifare Classic so a, enni ɔhaw no ho dwuma. Mifare Classic CRYPTO1 cipher no na wɔabubu no wɔ adesua mu mfeɛ a atwam no, na open-source tools (MFOC, MFCUK) tumi paapae sector keys mu firi card nkitahodiɛ baako mu. Mfiri a wɔde di dwuma te sɛ Flipper Zero de Mifare Classic cloning aba asasesin a wɔn a wɔpɛ wɔn ani gye ho. Ankasa ahobammɔ nkɔso kwan no de kɔMifare DESFfa EV2 anaa EV3, a ɛde AES-128 encryption ne mutual authentication di dwuma, ahobanbɔ nhwɛso a ɛsono no titiriw. Wɔ sɔhwɛ bi a adetɔnfo yɛe a wɔde di dwuma a wɔhwɛ so mu no, Europa ahobammɔ mfiridwuma adwumakuw bi bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ smart card a wɔde sie a wɔde di dwuma no ma nsɛm a esisi a wɔde yɛ kaad a wɔayɛ no sɛnea ɛte no so tew 96% (Guadi mu Nkɔso Amanneɛbɔ).
Saa nsonsonoeɛ yi ho hia ɛfiri sɛ adetɔ akuo taa pene sikasɛm nhyehyɛeɛ so ma "Mifare upgrade" a wɔnkyerɛ Mifare variant. Nsonsonoe a ɛda ɛka a ɛda Mifare Classic ne DESFire EV3 adansedi krataa ntam no bɛyɛ 3–5× (a egyina Syntek adwinnan bo a wɔbɔ wɔ dodow so), na ahobammɔ nsonsonoe no ne nsonsonoe a ɛda "wɔde nnwinnade a wontua hwee" ne "ɛnyɛ nea wobetumi abubu wɔ mprempren akwan horow so" ntam.
Bere a 125kHz EM Cards Da so ara Yɛ Ntease - ne Bere a Ɛnyɛ
EM mfiridwuma a wɔbɛpow koraa no renyɛ mmoa te sɛ nea wobebu wɔn ani agu ne anohyeto ahorow so. Nsɛm a ɛfata wɔ hɔ a a125khz em bɛn ho kaadda so ara yɛ nea ɛfata, na sɛ wunim ɔhye no a, esiw sika a wɔsɛe no boro-bɔ ne ahobammɔ a ɛba fam nyinaa ano.
EM kaad da so ara yɛ nea wotumi bɔ ho ban ma emu apon a ɛto so abien wɔ mmeae a wɔde adansedi nkrataa a ɛkorɔn-grade abɔ ho ban dedaw, te sɛ emu nneɛma a wɔde ma wɔ DESFire-ɔfese dan a wɔabɔ ho ban mu. Wɔsan nso fata sikasɛm nhyehyɛe-ahyɛde a wɔde bɛkɔ baabi a agyapadeɛ a wɔabɔ ho ban no wɔ boɔ a ɛba fam a wɔde besi ananmu na ahunahuna nhwɛsoɔ no nka honam fam a wɔde wɔn ani asi so ho: mpɔtam hɔ ahomegyeɛ dan, adekoradan mmeaeɛ a ɛnyɛ -adekorabea mmeaeɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, berɛ titire-akɔ a wɔde kaad no abɔ PIN koodu ho ama nneɛma mmienu-factor nokwaredi.
EM kaad ahorow no gyae ntease bere a adwumayɛbea no di data a wɔahyɛ ho mmara, sikasɛm nnwinnade, nnuru a wɔakora so, anaa agyapade biara a ne ntotoe a ɛkanyan nea efi mmara sodi mu ba no ho dwuma no. Ɛnsɛ sɛ data centers, sikasɛm mu aguadibea ahorow, akwahosan ho nnuru a wɔkora so, ne aban nhyehyɛe ahorow de wɔn ho to adansedi nkrataa a wobetumi de mfiri a ɛyɛ $15 a efi intanɛt so gua so ayɛ no abien so.
Tebea biako a ɛkyere ahyehyɛde ahorow no adwenem naayɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛkyekye nsa a wɔde bɛma. Sɛ adwumakuw bi a ɛhwɛ agyapade so gye ɔdan bi a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔnhwɛ access card inventory no mu da sɛ ebia credential technology type anaa. Nkrataa a wɔde ma no taa kyerɛw kaad dodow nyinaa, kaad 500, 200 a ɛyɛ adwuma, nanso ɛnyɛ chip model anaa adwumayɛ mpɛn dodow. Akwan a wɔfa so gye tom no sɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔpon biara bebue, ɛnyɛ sɛ ebia wɔde adansedi krataa a ɛwɔ n’akyi no ayɛ encrypt anaasɛ ɛrebɔ UID a wɔahyɛ da ahyɛ da wɔ pefee no mu. Saa nsonsonoe yi te beae a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛda agyapade sohwɛfo a ɔba ne ahobammɔ ho adwumayɛfo a wɔde wɔn kɔ amannɔne no ntam, na ɔfã biara fa no sɛ ɔfoforo no ahwɛ sɛnea kaad ahorow no yɛ ankasa. Ebia adan abien a wɔde akenkanfo hardware a ɛyɛ pɛ di dwuma no de kaad mfiridwuma a ɛsono emu biara koraa bedi dwuma, biako yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom, biako yɛ nea wontumi mfa nyɛ hwee, na nsonsonoe no yɛ nea wontumi nhu a wɔanhyɛ da ankɔhwɛ (ACS Ltd. a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ).
Baabi a Access Control Card Guadi no Rekɔ
Wiase nyinaa card-based access control gua no boɔ bɛyɛ $5.75 ɔpepepem wɔ afe 2025 mu na wɔahyɛ sɛ ɛbɛduru $7.84 ɔpepepem wɔ afe 2030 mu, na ɛbɛnya nkɔsoɔ wɔ 6.4% CAGR (Mordor Nyansahu). Wɔ saa gua no mu no, RFID ne NFC mfiridwuma yɛ 57.75% wɔ nkitahodi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no mu (Mordor Nyansahu). na akenkanfoɔ a wɔnni nkitahodie a wɔde di dwuma no nyaa nkɔanim 38% wɔ afe 2022 ne 2024 ntam.
Mfiridwuma akwantuo kwan no firi EM kɔ Mifare Classic kɔ Mifare DESFire kɔ mobile credentials, anammɔn biara ma cryptographic fam no kɔ soro. Mmara mu nhyɛso rema bere nhyehyɛe no ayɛ ntɛmntɛm: sɛ nhwɛso no, EU NIS2 akwankyerɛ no trɛw kɔmputa so ahobammɔ ho asɛyɛde ahorow mu kɔ honam fam akwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ wɔ nnwuma a ɛho hia mu, na ɛma apon ho adansedi krataa a wɔmfa kokoam no yɛ ɔkwan a ɛda mmara sodi mu, ɛnyɛ ahobammɔ a wɔpɛ kɛkɛ. Ahuruw a ɛfiri DESFire EV2 kɔ EV3 no te sɛ ketewa wɔ krataa so, AES-128 core koro no ara, nanso wɔ deployments a ɛdi da biara da nnwuma mpempem pii ho dwuma mu no, nsonsonoeɛ a ɛwɔ anti-replay architecture ne atɔfoɔ ahoɔhare mu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo rollout no gyina akenkanfoɔ firmware level anaasɛ ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho tew.
Wɔ ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛwɔ mfimfini-tukɔ mu no, dual-frequency readers (125kHz + 13.56MHz) ne nsakraeɛ adwinnadeɛ a ɛyɛ gyinapɛn. Wɔma kwan ma EM kaad a wɔde ayɛ agyapade ne smart card foforo tra akenkanfo koro so bere a wɔde reba nkakrankakra no. Ahwɛyie a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ mu wɔ ha ne sɛ 125kHz kwan no kɔ so yɛ adwuma wɔ nsakraeɛ berɛ no nyinaa mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ntua a ɛba fam, a wɔde EM kaad a wɔayɛ no cloned bɛma de atwa adansedie foforɔ no ho ahyia no, bɛtumi aba kɔsi sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ da ayɛ agyapadeɛ kwan no adwuma (ICT). Wɔ nneyɛe mu no, kyerɛw 125kHz channel deactivation no kɔ migration contract no mu sɛ ade titiriw a wobetumi de ama a da a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ, ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe krataa a wɔtwentwɛn so wɔ afe nkyem anan biara mu bere a nsa kakraa bi kaad dedaw da so ara wɔ hɔ a wɔansesa no.
Sɛnea Wobɛpaw Access Control Card a Ɛfata ama Wo Dwumadi no
Sɛ́ anka yɛbɛbobɔ generic selection criteria no, gyinaesi nnidiso nnidiso a ɛne sɛ, wɔ mfe 17 a wɔde ayɛ RFID adansedi nkrataa wɔ 3,600 m2 adwumayɛbea a ɛde nneɛma 5 a wɔde yɛ nneɛma 100,000+ kaad da biara no, yɛahu bere nyinaa sɛ ɛde ahonu kakraa bi na ɛba:
- Fi ase wɔ ahunahuna nhwɛso no so, na ɛnyɛ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe no so.Kyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛba sɛ obi a onni tumi krataa yɛ adansedi krataa bi abien na ɔde di dwuma a. Sɛ nea efi mu ba ne sɛ obi kɔ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ dan mu a, EM ye. Sɛ nea efi mu ba ne sɛ wobɛkɔ server rack anaa nnurutɔnbea a, twa EM ne Mifare Classic koraa. Kɔ DESFire EV2/EV3 anaa CPU kaad so tẽẽ.
- Afei hwɛ sɛnea system no hyia.Sɛ access controllers a ɛwɔ hɔ dada no gye Wiegand 26-bit input nko ara na sikasɛm nhyehyɛe mma kwan mma wɔmfa controller nsi ananmu a, em card a wɔde di dwuma wɔ access control so no betumi ayɛ bere tiaa mu kwan a ɛyɛ adwuma, nanso wɔde bɛka ade a ɛto so abien (PIN, biometric) ho na kyerɛw no sɛ asiane a wonim ne asram 12–24 controller a wɔde besi ananmu botae, ɛnyɛ deferral a wɔabue ano a ɛnto mu ankasa da.
- Afei, na ɛno akyi nkutoo, ka unit bo ho asɛm.Noper-card ɛka nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda EM ne DESFire ntamyɛ nokware ($0.10 vs. $1.50+ wɔ dodow mu, a egyina Syntek bo a wɔbɔ kɛse so), nanso ɛyɛ mfomso a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛne ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ re-carding dan mũ bi akyi wɔ ahobammɔ asɛm bi akyi anaasɛ mmara sodi akontaabu a wɔahu no ho.
Mfomsoɔ a ɛtaa ba wɔ adetɔ mu, denam nsonsonoeɛ kɛseɛ so, ne sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ "Mifare kaad" wɔ adetɔ ahyɛdeɛ bi so a wɔankyerɛ Classic anaa DESFire, nsonsonoeɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia wɔbɛtumi de $30 adetɔfoɔ afiri ayɛ kaad no clone anaasɛ ɛhia cryptographic mmɔdenbɔ a ɛboro ntua kwan biara a wɔakyerɛw wɔ baguam so. Mfomso afoforo a ɛsan ba: EM4100 (kenkan-nko, wɔasiesie UID) ne T5577 (a wotumi san kyerɛw, chip a wɔde di dwuma ankasa wɔ cloning mfiri mu) a wɔde frafrae); na wobu ani gu akenkanfo firmware ahwehwɛde ahorow so bere a worefi 125kHz akɔ 13.56MHz nhyehyɛe ahorow so no.
Sɛ wo dwumadie no hwehwɛ EM, Mifare, anaa DESFire adansedie nkrataa a wɔatintim a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a, Syntek deɛRFID kaad afiri a wɔde yɛ nneɛmaɛka nneɛma nyinaa ho asɛm fi kaad fitaa a wɔtaa de di dwuma so kosi adansedi nkrataa a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ koraa so.
FAQ: Nsɛmmisa a ɛtaa ba fa EM Cards ho wɔ Access Control mu
Q: Dɛn ne EM card na ɛyɛ adwuma dɛn?
A: EM kaad yɛ 125kHz passive RFID proximity card a ɛkura UID a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe, akenkan-nko na ɛwɔ EM4100 anaa TK4100 chip so. Ɔkenkanfo no afuw no ma kaad no antenna no ahoɔden, na ɛkanyan UID nkrasɛm ma database no mu nokwaredi.
Asɛmmisa: So wobetumi ayɛ EM kaad ahorow no clone?
A: Yiw. EM kaad de ID a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a encryption biara nni mu, na wobetumi de nsa a wɔde yɛ mfonini a ne bo nyɛ den ayɛ clones a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu.
Asɛmmisa: Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ EM kaad ne Mifare kaad ntam?
A: EM kaad yɛ 125kHz, akenkan-nko, adansedi nkrataa a wɔankyekyere ama mfitiaseɛ kwan. Mifare kaad no yɛ adwuma wɔ 13.56MHz a ɛwɔ akenkan-kyerɛw memory na ɛboa encryption, ɛma wotumi kɔ hɔ a ahobammɔ wom ne application ahorow pii a wɔde di dwuma.
Asɛmmisa: So wɔda so ara de EM kaad di dwuma kɛse?
A: Yiw. Wɔn ka a ɛba fam, wɔn a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho hyia a ɛtrɛw, ne sɛnea wɔde di dwuma a ɛnyɛ den no ma wɔyɛ kɛse wɔ mmeae a ɛho ka yɛ mmerɛw na ahobammɔ sua-wɔ wiase nyinaa.
Asɛmmisa: Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ upgrade fi EM cards so kɔ smart cards so?
A: Sɛ wo adwumayɛbea no di data a ɛho hia ho dwuma, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya akontaabu akwan, anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wodu mmara a wodi so gyinapɛn ahorow so. Fa AES encryption si DESFire EV2/EV3 so, ɛnyɛ Mifare Classic.
Sɛ wopɛ sourcing specifications anaa custom card nhyehyeɛ a, fa wo nsa kɔSyntek RFID kaad asɛmmisa krataafa.
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