Dɛn Ne RFID Data Ahobammɔ?
Dec 10, 2025
Gyae nkrasɛm bi .
Dɛn Ne RFID Data Ahobammɔ?
Afe a etwaam no, obi a ɔregye nneɛma frɛɛ yɛn, na ne bo afuw. Ná "wɔabɔ wɔn access control cards no mu." Ɛbɛdaa adi sɛ na wɔda so ara tu mmirika 125kHz proximity cards fi mfe du a atwam ni. Obi de mfiri a ne kɛse te sɛ telefon-brɔsh twaa odwumayɛni bi a ɔwɔ keteke a ɛnam fam no ho, na ade kyee anɔpa no, nnipa bi a wonnim wɔn de kaad a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ no kɔɔ wɔn adekoradan no mu.
Yɛayɛ RFID nneɛma wɔ SYNTEK bɛyɛ mfeɛ aduonu ni. Nsɛm a ɛte sɛɛ nyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi. Yɛahu sɛ nnwumakuw sɛe ɔpepem pii wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde di agyapade akyi ho, na wɔahu sɛ akenkanfo biara a ne bo yɛ dɔla 30 a ofi AliExpress betumi asan akyerɛw wɔn tag ahorow no. Yɛahu sɛ wɔde kaad a ɛyɛ abien-kaad nɔma koro no ara di agoru wɔ nkurow ahorow abiɛsa mu prɛko pɛ.
"RFID data ahobammɔ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den, nanso asɛm titiriw no yɛ dead simple: wireless signals betumi intercepted. Ɔfã a ɛyɛ anifere? Adetɔfo dodow no ara nni adwene biara sɛ ahobammɔ level bɛn na wɔrenya ankasa."
Adeɛ a obiara nka ho asɛm nie
RFID yɛ wireless nhyehyɛe a wɔabue ano. Wo tag ne akenkanfo no nam radio asorɔkye so di nkitaho. Obiara a ɔwɔ gya a ɛfata betumi atie mu.
Nkitahodi a wɔmfa nhama nni dwuma no kɔ so wɔ abɔnten, na ɛma wotumi siw kwan a wɔmfa honam fam nkitahodi nka ho.
Ɔhaw no fii ase ntɛm. Bere a wɔn a wɔyɛ no dii kan yɛɛ saa chips yi no, wɔde wɔn adwene sii "so yebetumi akenkan?" ɛnyɛ "so ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma wokenkan?" Chips pii wɔ zero authentication. Ɔkenkanfo no bisa sɛ "woyɛ hena?" na tag no kɛkɛ... mmuae. Ɛnfa ho sɛ ɛyɛ mfiri a ɛwɔ mmara mu anaasɛ guy bi a ɔwɔ Proxmark wɔ n’akyi bag mu.
Fa no sɛ worekɔ abɔnten na wode wo social security nɔma akyerɛ obiara a obebisa no denneennen. Ɛno titiriw ne sɛnea RFID kaad pii yɛ adwuma.
Nea enti a 125kHz kaad yɛ ahobammɔ ho aseresɛm
Biribi a nnwuma no mmɔ ho dawuru ni: access cards a wɔda so ara de di dwuma nnɛ no fã kɛse bi a wɔde 1990 mfe no mu mfiridwuma na ɛyɛ adwuma.
Saa kaad yi yɛ adwuma wɔ 125kHz. Chip model no taa yɛ EM4100 anaa TK4100. Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ adwuma? Power up, broadcast ID, ayɛ. Encryption biara nni hɔ. Nokwaredi biara nni hɔ. Nɔma pɔtee bi a wɔde asie chip no so kɛkɛ.
Ɛka a wɔbɔ de yɛ biako? Ebia $20 ma ɔkenkanfo-kyerɛwfo a ofi Amazon, $5 foforo ma kaad a hwee nni mu. Simma abiɛsa adwuma.
Ɛtɔ da bi a, atɔfoɔ bisa yɛn sɛ: "So wobɛtumi ayɛ 125kHz kaad a wɔabɔ no kokoam?"
Mmuae tiawa: dabi. Protocol no ankasa ntumi mmoa ahobammɔ a anibere wom. Wopɛ ahobanbɔ, wokɔ 13.56MHz high frequency anaa UHF, a chips te sɛ MIFARE DESFire anaa ICODE DNA a ɛboa AES encryption ankasa.
Sɛnea ntua te ankasa
Ɛgyina nkɔmmɔdie a yɛne yɛn afɛfoɔ bɔeɛ so no, ɛha na RFID ahobanbɔ di nkoguo wɔ nneyɛeɛ mu:
Access card cloning a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
Ɛho nhia sɛ ɔtowhyɛfo no de ne nsa ka wo kaad no. High{1}}gain reader a wɔde asie wɔ messenger bag mu, sikɔne kakraa bi a egyina w’akyi wɔ elevator anaa awia aduane line-ɛno dɔɔso sɛ wobɛfa data no. Kyerɛw kɔ kaad a hwee nni so so, na afei wɔanya wo kwan.
Adwumakuw bi a ɛhwɛ agyapade so kaa break-ins a ɛtoatoa so wɔ wɔn atrae dan no mu ho asɛm kyerɛɛ yɛn. Awiei koraa no polisifo hui sɛ na ɔkorɔmfo no reyɛ resident access cards ho mfonini. Ɔdan no mu nsɛm a wɔde hyɛn mu? Wɔn nyinaa de wɔn a wɔayɛ wɔn basabasa no ankasa kaad nɔma kyerɛɛ wɔn. Onipa a ɔhyɛn mu ankasa no ho hwee nni hɔ.
Data a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so
Sɛ wo RFID nhyehyɛe no di nneɛma a wɔakora so anaa agyapade akyi a, tag ahorow no sie nsɛm ankasa, ɛnyɛ ID nkutoo. Ɛhɔ na nneɛma kɔ so yɛ basabasa.
Wɔayɛ tags a wɔtumi kyerɛw ama updates-adeɛ a mfasoɔ wɔ so. Nanso sɛ write protection nni hɔ a, obiara betumi ayɛ nsakrae. Obi a ɔwɔ supply chain no mu sesa "standard grade" kɔ "premium" so wɔ tag data no so, anaasɛ ɔpia da a wɔde yɛɛ no kɔ n'anim asram asia. Ɛba.
San bɔ ntua ahorow no bio
Oyi yɛ sneaky. Ɛho nhia sɛ ɔtowhyɛfo no decrypt biribiara. Wɔkyere nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛda wo tag ne ɔkenkanfo ntam no gu kasɛt so kɛkɛ, afei wɔbɔ no akyiri yi.
Susuw ho sɛ eyi: wobɔ wo kaad no mu bue ɔpon bi, na obi a ɔbɛn wo kyere saa radio so nsakrae no nyinaa gu kasɛt so. Bere foforo no, wɔde wɔn mfiri no kyerɛ ɔkenkanfo no na wɔbɔ play. Ɔpon no bue. Ɔkenkanfo susuw sɛ ɛsan huu wo kaad no bio ara kwa.
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobegyae eyi no, nhyehyɛe ahorow hia asɛnnennen-mmuae protocols-titiriw biako-bere biako asɛmfua. Ɛsono nokwaredi biara, enti nneɛma a wɔakyere agu hama so no bɛyɛ nea mfaso nni so.
Ɛka vs. ahobammɔ aguadi (ne nea enti a ɛnyɛ tẽẽ) .
Adetɔfo bisa yɛn bere nyinaa sɛ: so chips a ne bo yɛ den kyerɛ ahobammɔ a eye?
Roughly yiw, nanso ɛnyɛ linear.
| Chip Type a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma | Bɛyɛ ɛka a wɔbɔ | Ahobammɔ Gyinabea |
|---|---|---|
| 125kHz EM4100 na ɛwɔ hɔ | $0.10 | Ɛnyɛ ebiara |
| 13.56MHz MIFARE Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma | ~$0.40 | Wɔagye atom (2008) . |
| MIFARE DESFire EV3 na ɛwɔ hɔ | $1-2 | AES-128 / Ɔsoro |
Ebia 125kHz EM4100 kaad bo yɛ $0.10. Anamɔn kɔ 13.56MHz MIFARE Classic, na wowɔ ebia $0.40-nanso ahobammɔ nyɛ papa kɛse (saa chip no encryption no na wɔpaapae mu wɔ 2008 mu). Kɔ MIFARE DESFire EV3 a AES-128 ne mutual authentication, worehwɛ $1-2 wɔ kaad biara, nanso ɔmanfo exploits biara nni hɔ a wonim.
Asɛmmisa no ne sɛ: so wuhia saa level no ankasa?
Sɛ woredi safe akyi wɔ adwumayɛbea bi a, sɛ wohwere biako a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛkra sɛ wɔmfa nsi ananmu. Sɛ worehwɛ kwan a wobɛfa so akɔ sikakorabea sikakorabea a, cloned card kyerɛ biribi soronko koraa.
Yɛn afotuo ma clients: fi ase "dɛn na ɛyɛ bɔne sen biara sɛ eyi nya ɔhaw?" afei yɛ adwuma kɔ akyi. Bere no fã nyɛ tech haw, ɛyɛ perception haw.
Nea wubetumi ayɛ a woremfa biribiara nsi ananmu
Tebea ahorow bi hia tags a ne bo nyɛ den ankasa-event wristbands, high-volume logistics labels. Premium chips ma biribiara nyɛ nea ɛyɛ nokware. Nanso woanya akwan foforo a wubetumi afa so:
To baabi a wobɛkenkan no ano hye
Ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na akenkan a ɛkɔ akyiri no ye. Wɔayɛ NFC ama sɛntimita kakraa bi-ɛsɛ sɛ wode wo nsa ka ɔkenkanfo no titiriw. Ɛma akyirikyiri skimming yɛ den kɛse.
Ebinom a high-security clients a yɛne wɔn yɛ adwuma no de akenkanfoɔ hyehyɛ adan a wɔato mu mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde kaad no hyɛ mu koraa na ama woatumi akyerɛw wo din. Honam fam siw afã-channel ntua ano.
RFID a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban
Faraday cage nnyinasosɛm. Fa nneɛma a ɛma nsu fa mu kyekyere tag no ho, radio asorɔkye ntumi nkɔ mu anaasɛ ntumi mfi mu. Ɛno ne nea RFID-blocking sleeves ne wallet yɛ. Yɛyɛ shielding products nso-hwɛ "RFID Signal Blocker" ɔfa no wɔ yɛn sait no so.
Sɛ womfa kaad no nni dwuma a, ɛtra nsateaa no mu. Obiara ntumi scan no. Sɛ wuhia a, twe fi mu. Ɛnyɛ den, etu mpɔn, ne bo nyɛ den.
Tew ID no fi data ho
Ɔkwan foforo: fa ID a wɔanhyɛ da a ntease nnim nkutoo sie wɔ tag no so. Fa data a ɛho hia ankasa sie wo backend database no mu. Sɛ obi yɛ tag no clone mpo a, wonya ahama a mfaso nni so. Sɛ backend records nhyia a, ɛyɛ nwura.
Eyi dan asiane fi tag no so kɔ wo server infrastructure no so. Nanso ɛma tag ho ka so tew.
Mutual authentication-fata sɛ wɔte ase
Wɔaka asɛnnennen-mmuae ho asɛm dedaw. Ma mentrɛw eyi mu efisɛ wɔtaa nte ase yiye.
Amanneɛ kwan so RFID nokwaredi yɛ ɔkwan biako-: ɔkenkanfo di tag ho adanse. Nanso high-security applications hia akwan abien-kwan so nokwaredi-tag no nso di ho adanse sɛ ɔkenkanfo no yɛ mmara kwan so.
Nsuo a ɛsen no ni:
Ɔkenkanfo de tag a random number (asɛnnennen no) mena .
Tag de saa nɔma no fa ne mu safoa no so, de nea efi mu ba no san kɔ
Ɔkenkanfo tu mmirika akontaabu koro no ara ne safoa koro, toto ho
Afei tag de nɔma a wɔanhyɛ da akyerɛw kɔma ɔkenkanfo
Ɔkenkanfo bu akontaa, ɔde san kɔ, tag verifies
Ɛsɛ sɛ afanu no nyinaa twam ansa na data a wɔde bɛsesa ankasa biara asi. Kyerɛ sɛ atoro akenkanfo ntumi nnaadaa tags mma wɔmfa nsɛm mma.
MIFARE DESFire foa eyi so. Pretty much mandatory ma adwuma biara a yɛne sikakorabea anaa aban adwumayɛbea ahorow yɛ.
Nneɛma a mfaso wɔ so ansa na woakɔ
1. Hwɛ nea woretu mmirika mprempren
Nnwumakuw pii wɔ RFID nhyehyɛe ahorow a obi a ofii hɔ mfe bi a atwam ni de ahyɛ mu. Mprempren IT nni adwene biara wɔ nea wɔde adi dwuma ankasa. Nya specs no fi wo vendor-anyɛ yiye koraa no, hu frequency ne chip model.
2. Kyerɛw wo asɛm a enye koraa no dodow
Sɛ wo access cards no yɛ clone a, dɛn na ɛsɛe? Sɛ inventory tags nya tampered a, dɛn ne exposure? Fa nɔma bi hyɛ so. Afei si gyinae sɛ ebia upgrade bi fata anaa.
3. Layer wo ahobammɔ
Ɛnyɛ biribiara na ehia ahobammɔ a ɛsen biara. Adwumayɛfoɔ badge a wɔtaa de di dwuma no tumi tu mmirika mid-tier chips. Server dan ne sikasɛm adwumayɛbea apon nya high-security chips. Warehouse logistics tags betumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ mmerɛw ne backend verification.
4. Yɛ akontaabu daa
RFID no nnyɛ nhyehyɛe-na-wo werɛ mfi. Hwɛ access logs sɛ anomalies anaa. Kaad koro no ara a epue wɔ mmeae abien bere koro mu. Nnɔnhwerew-nnɔnhwerew akyi no, wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya kwan akɔ hɔ. Nhwɛso ahorow a ntease nnim.
5. Yɛ nhyehyɛe ma nkɔso
Sɛ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe yɛ den seesei na worekɔ ne mid-tier ano aduru a, anyɛ yiye koraa no paw architecture a ɛma kwan ma daakye nkɔso. Mfa wo ho nhyɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔato mu a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsesa koraa wɔ mfe abiɛsa mu.
Nsɛmmisa? Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ yɛayɛ eyi mfe aduonu wɔ SYNTEK. Woahu huammɔdi akwan pii sen sɛnea wobɛhwɛ kwan. Sɛ́ ebia woreyɛ speccing nhyehyɛe foforo anaasɛ auditing dedaw bi, anigye sɛ wobɛkasa.
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