Dɛn ne NFC Tag?
Dec 26, 2025
Gyae nkrasɛm bi .
Dɛn ne NFC Tag?
Ebia woahu saa sticker nketewa no wɔ adidibea ahorow nnansa yi. Wɔ China no wɔka sɛ "Tap to Order." Wokura wo fon no mu, menu no pue, wokra aduan. App download biara nni hɔ. QR code scanning biara nni hɔ. Ɛno ne NFC.
NFC ahyɛnsodene titiriw no, passive RF chip a ɛwɔ antenna. Battery biara nni mu. Wo fon no anyinam ahoɔden a ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma bere a woabɛn no sɛnea ɛsɛ no. Chip no nyane, na ɛde data biara a ɛde asie no san kɔ, na wɔyɛ ade no nyinaa wɔ nea ennu milisekɔn 100 mu.
Ɔfã a nnipa dodow no ara di mfomso
NFC yɛ RFID. Titiriw no ɛyɛ high-frequency RFID wɔ 13.56 MHz a ɛwɔ nneɛma foforo bi a wɔde bolted on. Sɛ obi bisa sɛ ɔde NFC anaa RFID bedi dwuma a, na ɔrebisa asɛm a ɛnteɛ. Asɛmmisa ankasa ne frequency band bɛn na ɛfata use case no.
UHF RFID a wɔde di dwuma
UHF RFID a ɛwɔ 860-960 MHz tumi scan tag mpempem pii fi mita ahorow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri. Ɔkɛseɛ ma adekoradan mu nneɛma a wɔakora so. Zara yɛ eyi wɔ sotɔɔ ahorow 6,000 mu. Nanso wo fon no ntumi nkenkan UHF tag ahorow. Wohia hardware a wɔatu ho ama.
NFC na ɛwɔ hɔ
NFC de fon yɛ adwuma. Bɛboro 94% wɔ smartphones a wɔde menae wɔ afe 2024 mu no wɔ NFC a wɔde ahyɛ mu Ɛno ne asɛm no nyinaa. Consumer-facing applications a wopɛ sɛ nkurɔfoɔ de mfiri a wɔkura dedaw di nkitaho.
Ma menkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea tumi a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo no yɛ adwuma ankasa no mu
Eyi ne baabi a ɛyɛ anigye wɔ mfiridwuma mu.
NFC yɛ adwuma wɔ 13.56 MHz a ɛma wo wavelength bɛyɛ mita 22. Nkitahodi kɔ so wɔ ebia sɛntimita 5. Ɛno yɛ ɔkwan tiawa sen asorɔkye tenten biako enti wowɔ pintinn wɔ near-field region no mu. Wo werɛ mfi anyinam ahoɔden asorɔkye a ɛtrɛw ho. Nea ɛho hia wɔ ha ne magnetic field coupling a ɛda coils abien a ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ air-core transformer ntam.
Telefon antena ma magnetic field a ɛsesa. Tag antenna te saa afuw no mu. Magnetic flux a ɛsakra fa tag coil no mu no ma ahoɔden bi ba. Rectifier circuit a ɛwɔ chip no so no dan AC kɔ DC mu. Chip no tumi yɛ adwuma.
Ahoɔden a Wɔtwa
NXP se wɔn chips no tumi twa bɛyɛ miliwatt 15 fi saa kwan yi mu. Ɛdɔɔso sɛ wobɛtu mmirika logic no na woakenkan/akyerɛw akɔ memory.
Adesoa a Wɔde Nsakrae
Data kɔ akyi denam load modulation so. Tag sesa ne antenna impedance a ɛma ripples wɔ fon antenna no mprempren waveform. Phone decode saa ripples no mu. Standard rate yɛ 106 kbps. Chips binom yɛ 848 kbps.
Chip selection ne baabi a nnwuma di nkonim anaasɛ edi nkogu
Mepɛ sɛ mede bere kakra yɛ eyi efisɛ mahu sɛ nnwuma pii dodo apaw chip a ɛnteɛ.
NFC Forum kyerɛkyerɛ tag ahorow mu. Type 1 nyaa dropped wɔ 2021. Type 3 ne FeliCa a ɛho hia wɔ Japan nkutoo. Type 5 yɛ ma long-range scanning kɔsi mita 1.5 nanso ahobanbɔ no yɛ mfitiaseɛ. Wɔ consumer application dodow no ara fam no worepaw Type 2 ne Type 4 ntam.
Ɔkwan a Ɛto so 2: Adwumayɛfo Ɔpɔnkɔ
NTAG213, NTAG215, NKYERƐKYERƐMU 216
Type 2 kyerɛ NTAG series a efi NXP. NTAG213, NTAG215, NKYERƐKYERƐMU 216. Same chip abusua kɛkɛ soronko memory sizes.
Nokwasɛm a Wɔkae
Nea obiara nka nkyerɛ wo kosi sɛ wobɛkenkan datasheet no yiye ni. Wɔahyehyɛ memory no wɔ nkratafa a ɛwɔ baiti 4 mu. NTAG213 wɔ nkratafa 45 a ne nyinaa yɛ. Nanso wunnya kwan mfa ne nyinaa nni dwuma. Nkratafa 0 kosi 2 yɛ nea wɔyɛ no data ne UID. Kratafa 3 ne Tumi a Wɔde Gu Mu. Nkratafa 4 kosi 39 yɛ nea ɔde di dwuma no nkae. Ɛne sɛ nkratafa 36 mpɛn baiti 4 yɛ baiti 144 a wubetumi akyerɛw akɔ so ankasa.
Baiti 888 a wɔbɔɔ ho dawuru maa NTAG216 no? Same deal. 231 total pages nanso bere a woayi overhead no afi mu akyi no wunya nkratafa 222 a wotumi de di dwuma a emu biara yɛ bytes 4.
Ahobammɔ Titiriw
Password ahobanbɔ de AUTH0 register di dwuma de kyerɛ krataafa address a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wogye di. Set no FFh na ahobanbɔ no ayɛ adwuma. Fa si fam na kwan biara a wobɛfa so akɔ saa krataafa no atifi no hia 32-bit password no kan. Afei nso AUTHLIM a ɛtow chip no wɔ mmɔdenbɔ a ɛnteɛ pii akyi. Configurable fi 0 kosi 7 mmɔdenbɔ.
NFC akontabuo no ho wɔ mfasoɔ ankasa ma anti-cloning. 24-bit counter a auto-increments wɔ akenkan biara a ɛdi mu. Wubetumi ayɛ saa botae yi ahwehwɛ akɔ wo NDEF URL mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a backend servers behu rolling number. Sɛ obi clone wo tag no a counter no renhyia nea server no hwɛ kwan.
Ade biako a ɛkaa yɛn wɔ adwuma bi mu afe a etwaam no. Client pɛe sɛ NTAG216 ma "headroom." Na payload ankasa yɛ baiti 70. Anka wobetumi de NTAG213 adi dwuma wɔ ɛka no fã. Nanso na ɔhaw ankasa ne antena kɛse. Memory chips akɛse nhia antenna akɛse nanso na yɛayɛ specced a honam fam kɛse tag format hwɛ kwan sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ baabi no ma. Awiei no, BOM ka ne nneɛma a wɔde asie ho nsɛnnennen a ɛho nhia. Di kan hwɛ wo data ahwehwɛde ankasa.
Type 4 yɛ architecture soronko
NTAG424 DNA ne ade titiriw a ɛwɔ ha. Common Criteria EAL4 a wɔagye atom. Ɔde ISO 7816-4 fael nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe di dwuma sen sɛ ɔde flat page memory. 416 bytes a wɔahyehyɛ no sɛ Capability Container a wɔde NDEF fael aka Proprietary fael ho.
Ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe no yɛ soronko koraa. AES-128 nsɛm a wɔde sie. LRP mode ma ɔfã-channel ntua a wɔko tia. Mmiɛnsa-twam mutual authentication. SUN nkra nokwaredi ma URL ahorow a wɔde di dwuma pɛnkoro a CMAC nsaano nkyerɛwee wom. Tap biara ma wonya cryptographic token soronko bi.
Afɛfɛde a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ de eyi di dwuma kɛse. LVMH, Prada, Cartier hyehyɛɛ Aura consortium wɔ afe 2021 mu sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma no yɛ nokware. Nneɛma bɛboro ɔpepem 70 na wɔakyerɛw wɔn din wɔ afe 2025 mu sɛnea wɔn wɛbsaet no kyerɛ no. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ Louis Vuitton huu atoro anwiinwii so tew 30% wɔ bere a wɔde dii dwuma akyi. Mantumi ankyerɛ sɛ saa nɔma pɔtee no mfi mmeae atitiriw enti fa no sɛnea wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ no.
Tirimudie
Kyerɛw boasetɔ wɔ NTAG424 DNA so yɛ kyinhyia 200,000 kyerɛ 100,000 ma NTAG21x. Data a wɔkora so yɛ mfe 50 bere a wɔde toto mfe 10 ho. Eyinom ho hia ma mfiridwuma mu dwumadie a wɔtaa kyerɛw tag ahorow no.
Dan nhyehyɛeɛ
ISO 7816-4 fael nhyehyɛe. SUN nkrasɛm ho adansedi. Mmiɛnsa-twam mutual authentication. Cryptographic token soronko wɔ tap biara mu.
Dade ho haw no
Eyi ba bere nyinaa. Obi pɛ sɛ ɔde NFC tags gu dade nneɛma so na ohu sɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma.
Nea ɛba ne sɛ dade no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔkwankyerɛfo wɔ magnetic field a ɛresakra mu. Faraday mmara no. Eddy currents ba dade no mu na ɛma magnetic field a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira sɛnea Lenz mmara kyerɛ no. Wo antenna inductance no so tew. Q-factor tank ahorow. Resonant frequency dan fi 13.56 MHz. Akenkan kwan no kɔ zero titiriw.
Standard solution ne ferrite krataa a ɛda antenna ne dade ntam. Ferrite no twetwe magnetic flux na ɛsan kyerɛ no kwan. Wosan nya inductance bi na antenna no fi ase yɛ adwuma bio.
KƆKƆBƆ
Nanso nea nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho nkrataa no nsi so dua ni. Ferrite boa nanso woda so ara hia sɛ wosan -siesie wo ntwamutam a ɛne no hyia no. Adwuma biako a yɛyɛɛ ho adwuma no, detection distance drop fii 80mm wɔ plastic so kɔɔ 30mm a ferrite wɔ dade so. Afei re-matching impedance no yɛsan kɔɔ 61mm. Ɛnyɛ papa te sɛ plastic nanso ɛyɛ adwuma.
Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe ama dade nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia a, bu bere nhyehyɛe ma nsakrae a ɛne ne ho hyia mpɛn pii. Wobɛhia VNA anaa anyɛ yie koraa no LCR mita. NXP wɔ antenna design adwinnade nanso output values no yɛ mfiase nsɛntitiriw ɛnyɛ mmuae a etwa to.
Phone a ɛne ne ho hyia nokwasɛm
Android Abɔde a Nkwa Wom
Android ayɛ adamfofa su ma NFC fi mfiase pɛɛ. HCE wɔ Android 4.4 mu ma apps suasua kaad a enni ahobammɔ element hardware. Akenkan/kyerɛw yɛ adwuma wɔ titiriw Android fon biara a NFC wom so.
Apple Lag a ɛwɔ hɔ no
Apple ne ɔhaw no mfe pii. iPhone 6 wɔ NFC wɔ afe 2014 mu nanso na wɔatoto mu wɔ Apple Pay. iOS 11 wɔ afe 2017 mu maa kwan ma wɔkenkan NDEF data. iOS 13 de nkyerɛwee kaa ho. Ɛda so ara yɛ nea wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiri dedaw so nkutoo.
Nsakyeraeɛ (2024) .
August 2024 Apple de too gua sɛ wɔrebue NFC chip kwan ama third{1}}party developers a wɔhyɛ aseɛ firi iOS 18.1. Eyi yɛ nea ɛho hia. Sikakorabea ne adetɔnfo betumi ayɛ wɔn ankasa sikatua app ahorow mprempren. Asorɔkye a edi kan no kata U.S., UK, Japan, Australia ne aman afoforo kakraa bi so.
Wɔ nneyɛe mu no nea eyi kyerɛ ne sɛ awiei koraa no wubetumi afa no sɛ dodow no ara a wɔde di dwuma no betumi abɔ NFC tags a telefon platform mfa ho. Mfeɛ mmienu a atwam no na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkyerɛkyerɛ iOS anohyetoɔ mu wɔ adwuma biara mu. Saa nkɔmmɔbɔ no fã kɛse no ara aba awiei.
Kyerɛw gyinapɛn ahorow ho nsɛm ntɛmntɛm
ISO/IEC 14443 na ɛwɔ hɔ
ISO/IEC 14443 kata smart card ahorow a enni nkitahodi so. Type A ne Type B modulation nhyehyɛe ahorow. Eyi ne fapem a wɔde yɛ Type 2 ne Type 4 tags.
ISO/IEC 18092 na ɛwɔ hɔ
ISO/IEC 18092 yɛ NFCIP-1, afiri nkitahodi nhyehyɛe. Mprempren nkyerɛase no yɛ 2023.
ISO/IEC 15693 na ɛwɔ hɔ
ISO/IEC 15693 yɛ mpɔtam hɔ nkrataa a Type 5 si so.
NFC Nhyiamu
NFC Forum tintim implementation specs wɔ eyinom so. Tag type nkyerɛaseɛ, NDEF format, kyerɛwtohɔ ahodoɔ. Ne nyinaa wɔ nfc-forum.org.
Release 15 puei June 2025 na ɛtrɛw nkitahodi kwan a wɔagye atom no mu fii 0.5cm kɔɔ 2cm. Ɛma alignment nyɛ finicky kɛse.
Enti dɛn ne NFC tag
RF afiri a ɛnyɛ adwuma. Wɔde anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde ka bom a ɛyɛ 13.56 MHz na ɛma ahoɔden. Sie data wɔ NEF format a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu. Wotumi kenkan denam smartphone biara a NFC-atumi ayɛ so. Memory fi baiti du du kosi bɛyɛ kilobyte biako a egyina chip so. Ahobammɔ fi password ahobammɔ titiriw so kosi AES-128 a ɛwɔ cryptographic authentication so.
Paw Type 2 NTAG21x ma ɛka-adetɔfo dwumadie a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Paw Type 4 NTAG424 DNA bere a wuhia ahobammɔ ankasa no. Bu akontaa fa dade a ɛde ne ho hyɛ mfiri nhyehyɛe mu ho. Sɔ hwɛ wɔ ankasa target fon ahorow so ɛnyɛ dev boards nkutoo so.
Ɛno ne nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano a mfaso wɔ so.
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