Nguan Ne Mpapo RFID Aso Tag Ano Aduru
Jan 05, 2026
Gyae nkrasɛm bi .
Nguan ne MpapoRFID Aso Tag Ano Aduru
Ɔsram a etwaam no, adetɔ sohwɛfo bi a ofi mpapo ti 4,000-ti adwumayɛbea bi a ɛwɔ Victoria frɛɛ yɛn. Na watɔ FDX-B tags 5,000 afi Chinani bi a ɔde nneɛma ma hɔ a ne bo yɛ $0.85 biara-na ɛte sɛ ade kɛse. Asram asia akyi no, n’akenkan dodow wɔ drafting gate no tenaa 71%. Ɛnyɛ 71% na tags dii nkogu. 71% mmoa nyaa akenkan. 29% a aka no nantew faa a wonnim wɔn, na wodii ɛlɛtrɔnik ID atirimpɔw nyinaa so nkonim.
Ná ɔpɛ sɛ yesiesie. Yɛantumi. Tag a ɛnteɛ ma ne infrastructure. Ne dade mmirikatu panels no de ntwitwiridii a FDX mfiridwuma ntumi nni ho dwuma kɛkɛ. Ná ohia HDX fi mfiase, nanso obiara anka saa ankyerɛ no.
Eyi ne tebea a yehu bere nyinaa. Adetɔ ho gyinaesi nya wɔ bo a tag biara so a wɔnte ase sɛ tag no yɛ ebia 20% wɔ nea ɛkyerɛ nkonimdi anaa huammɔdi mu.
Mfiridwuma Paw a Obiara Nkyerɛkyerɛ Mu Yiye
Protocol mmienu wɔ hɔ ma mmoa RFID wɔ 134.2 kHz: FDX-B ne HDX. Wɔn baanu nyinaa du ISO 11784/11785 gyinapɛn ahorow ho. Wɔn baanu nyinaa ne akenkanfo a wodi mmara so yɛ adwuma. Nanso ɛsono sɛnea wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ tebea horow ankasa mu.
FDX-B
Ɔde kɔ so bere a ogye tumi fi ɔkenkanfo no hɔ no. Ɛnyɛ den, ne bo nyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ, na ɛyɛ adwuma yiye bere a wubetumi anya nsa akenkanfo a ɛwɔ bɛyɛ sɛntimita 40 wɔ tag no ho no.
HDX
Ɛkora ahoɔden so bere tiaa bi, afei ɛde kɔ baabi a ɛpae. Chip design a ɛyɛ den kɛse, ɛho ka yɛ den, nanso punches nam interference a ɛma FDX gyae.
Nea eyi kyerɛ wɔ nneyɛe mu ni. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wotintimii wɔ ScienceDirect so sɔɔ RFID tag ahorow ahorow 13 hwɛe a wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkenkan bɛboro 12,000. HDX nyaa bɛyɛ 98% akenkan. FDX nyaa bɛyɛ 96.5%. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛbɛn, ɛnte saa?
Tu mmirika nguan 2,000 fa mmirikatu a wɔde kɔ sraadi mu. Wɔ 98% mu no wopa mmoa 40. At 96.5% you miss 70. Afei factor in sɛ real-wiase tebea-wet wool, dade infrastructure, mmoa bunching up-pia saa dodow no kɔ fam. HDX dwumadie no da so ara yɛ adwuma. FDX adwuma no redi mmoa a wɔayera akyi wɔ gyaade hɔ.
Yɛanya clients si so dua sɛ FDX efisɛ na nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ bo mu no yɛ $1.40 wɔ tag biara ho. Wɔ 3,000-ti dwumadie a ɛyɛ $4,200 a wɔakora so. Afei wɔsɛee dɔla 6,000 de siesiee ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ akenkan a entumi nyɛ yiye, san de hyɛɛ mmoa a wɔwɔ ɔhaw no agyirae, na awiei koraa no wɔtɔɔ HDX ɔkwan biara so. Ɛnyɛ aguadi kɛse.
Yɛn gyinabea:
Sɛ woretu mmirika afa mmoa nhyehyɛe biara a ɛyɛ adwuma-mirikatu akenkanfo mu a, kari nnaka, apon a wɔkyerɛw nsɛm-tɔ HDX. Berɛ. Sɛ wode nsa so dua akenkanfo nkutoo na edi dwuma da wɔ paddock no mu a, FDX yɛ nea wogye tom. Nanso awiei koraa no, oprehyɛn dodow no ara pɛ sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ adwuma so, na sɛ wɔsan hyehyɛ mu a, ne bo yɛ den.
Nea Enti a Cheap Tags Di Nkonim
Obi a ɔregye nneɛma kyerɛɛ me bag bi a RFID tags wom afe a etwaam a ɔtɔɔ biara a ne bo yɛ $1.10. Metwee biako tetew mu. Na chip no nnyɛ mfinimfini wɔ encapsulation no mu-wubetumi ahu sɛ ɛte ebia 2mm fi soro wɔ ɔfã biako. Ɛno yɛ tag a ɛretwɛn sɛ ɛbɛdi nkogu.
Premium manufacturers de nea wɔfrɛ no two-shot injection molding di dwuma. First shot encapsulates chip no wɔ ade a ɛbɔ ho ban mu. Second shot kyekye tag nipadua mũ no nyinaa twa saa ho hyia. Chip no ntumi ne plastic a ayɛ hyew no nni nkitaho tẽẽ da, ennya ɔhyew a ɛyɛ digrii 270 a edi mũ a ɛwɔ injection nhyehyɛe no mu no da.
Wɔn a wɔyɛ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe no twa anammɔn ahorow so. Single-stage nsusuwso. Manual chip placement mmom sen sɛ wɔde automated bɛyɛ. No protective coating ansa na wɔde injection ahyɛ mu. Chip no tra ase-dodow no ara-nanso emu nhyɛso no de huammɔdi nsɛntitiriw ba. Asram dumien a UV a wɔde di dwuma, ɔhyew kyinhyia, ne mfiri mu nhyɛso a efi aboa no mu, ne mmeae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ma.
Failure mode foforo ne chip-antenna bond. Wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa de bonding tẽẽ a wɔde contact pads a ɛsõ dodo di dwuma. Solder biara nni hɔ. Budget tags de solder joints a wɔtaa de di dwuma a ɛyɛ nwini bɛyɛ digrii 180 na edi dwuma. Gyae plastic tuntum bi wɔ awɔw bere mu owia mu wɔ aboa bi aso so na emu hyew du saa kwan no so koraa. Nkitahodi no di nkogu. Tag no hwɛ yiye wɔ akyi nanso ɛkenkan sɛ awu.
Mintumi nka mpɛn dodow a obi de "defective" tags a ɛdan heat-damaged solder joints a efi cheap manufacturing mu amena me. Nea ɔde nneɛma ma no de asodi to okuafo no ɔkwan a ɔfa so de di dwuma no so. Okuafo no de asodi no to nea ɔde nneɛma ma no so. Ɔhaw ankasa no sii wɔ adwumayɛbea bi mu asram asia a atwam ni.
Tags a Wɔde Toto Mmoa Ho
Chinafoɔ mfiridwuma ho nkrataa a yɛde yɛ adwuma no paapae yei mu pefee, na ɛfata sɛ wɔkyerɛ aseɛ ɛfiri sɛ Atɔeɛ famfoɔ a wɔde nneɛma ma no ntaa nnya saa pɔtee yi.
- Wɔ nguammaa a wɔanyinyin ne nea wɔyɛ wɔ aso a ɛteɛ mu no, nhyehyɛe a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no de spade-shaped female tag (nea Chinafo a wɔyɛ frɛ no 7# kɛse) ne button male (1# BTM) bom. Ɔbea afã no soa transponder no. Ne nyinaa mu duru bɛyɛ gram 8 ma baanu no. Eyi di mfiri tumi a efi mmoa a wɔn ho akokwaw a wɔde wɔn ho petepete nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma so no ho dwuma.
- Nguammaa nkumaa hia nneɛma ahorow. Ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛlɛtrɔnik tag a emu yɛ hare a wɔato din B4S a emu duru yɛ gram 2.9 pɛ-ho hia kɛse efisɛ oguammaa aso ntumi nhyɛ tag a emu yɛ duru wɔ ayaresa bere no mu. Bɔ ɔpanyin-mu duru tag wɔ oguammaa a wadi adapɛn abien-{7}}na so na worebisa sɛ ɔmma ɔyare mmoawa ne tag a ɛyera. Yɛhunu saa mfomsoɔ yi daa firi adwumayɛ a wɔtɔ tag type baako ma biribiara.
- Nnomaa ahorow nso ho hia. Dorper, Boer mpapo, ne mmoa a wɔte saa a wɔn aso yɛ den a ɛtɔ fam no hia nkyerɛwde a wɔayɛ ama saa nipadua no. Spade mmea tags nketewa (4# designation) a wɔde abɔ mu ne button males gyina aso a ɛsensɛn ase horizontal no so yiye. Standard tags a wɔayɛ ama aso a ɛteɛ no ntena hɔ yiye, ɛsa yare yiye, na ɛkyere ban wɔ ban so.
- Mpapo a wɔma nufusu a wɔde wɔn nsa mprenu da biara de ma nufusu no nya mfaso fi flex-style tags-minimal projection, ɛne aso nsusuwii hyia, biribiara nni hɔ a wɔbɛkyere bere a wɔreyɛ nufusu nhyehyɛe no. Trade-off yɛ aniwa a wɔde hu kwan a ɛso tew, nanso wɔ nufusu adwumayɛ mu no woreyɛ scan wɔ akyirikyiri ɔkwan biara so.
Nneɛma a wɔde besisi hɔ no ho hia sen tag a wɔbɛpaw.Beae a eye sen biara no tra ntini abien a ɛwɔ aso no mfinimfini nkyem abiɛsa mu biako no ntam. Ɛnyɛ tip-tetew mu. Ɛnyɛ nnyinaso a ɛyɛ den a ɛbɛn ti-ayaresa a enye ne akenkanfo ntwitwiridii. Mfinimfini abiɛsa, mpampam ntam. Oprehyɛn biara a yehu a tag loss rates a ɛkɔ soro no reyɛ mfomso wɔ placement, mpɛn pii no positioning a ɛbɛn aso no ano dodo efisɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya.
Sɛ wode ɛlɛtrɔnik ne aniwa so nsɛnkyerɛnne nyinaa tu mmirika wɔ aso koro so a, di kan fa ɛlɛtrɔnik ahyɛnsode no gu mfinimfini gyinabea no. Visual tag kɔ bɛn hɔ wɔ akyi fã no. Eyi de akenkan ahotoso di kan ma transponder no.
Nea Eyi Bɔ Ka Ankasa
Mɛma wo nɔma ankasa a ɛfiri deployment bi a yɛwieeɛ wɔ afe 2023. Station a ɛde nguan mma 2,800 tu mmirika wɔ South Australia, pɛe sɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik ID a ɛdi mũ di NLIS ahwehwɛdeɛ ho dwuma a wɔde automated weighing ne drafting ka ho.
| Adeɛ | Ɛka |
|---|---|
| HDX ɛlɛtrɔnik nkyerɛwde, 3,200 @ $2.65 | $8,480 |
| Panel akenkanfo nhyehyɛe, mmirikatu titiriw | $4,100 |
| Kari crate ne EID a wɔaka abom | $9,200 |
| Nsa so dua akenkanfo, 2 @ $680 | $1,360 |
| Software tumi krataa, afe afe | $840 |
| Nkabom, nnafua 2 | $1,600 |
| Ntetee, da fã | $400 |
| Installation a wɔde hyɛ mu | $3,200 |
| Ne nyinaa | $29,180 |
| Ti biara | $10.42 |
Afei ɔfã a wɔsan kɔ no. Wɔkyerɛw adwumayɛfo a wɔkoraa so bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 220 wɔ afe a edi kan no mu-nnwuma a wɔde hu nneɛma, kari, nkyerɛwee, kyerɛwtohɔ-kyerɛw a kan no na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ nnipa baanu mprempren hia biako. Wɔ $32/dɔnhwerew a super ka ho no, ɛno yɛ $7,040.
Drafting pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ nyaa nkɔsoɔ araa ma wɔbu akontaa sɛ nnɔnhwereɛ 60 gyee mmoa a wɔanhyehyɛ wɔn yie -nsiesie na wɔsiesiee mfomsoɔ. $1,920 foforo nso.
Mfaso a ɛyɛ den-sɛ-bɛkyerɛ dodow: awo ho gyinaesi a eye fi mu duru ho nsɛm a ɛyɛ nokware mu. Wɔkumm nguan mma a na wɔn ho yɛ fɛ wɔ aniwa so nanso data kyerɛe sɛ na wɔnyɛ adwuma yie bere nyinaa. Bo a wɔabu akontaa a egyina oguammaa mu duru a edi hɔ so, ebia $4,000-5,000 afe biara. Frɛ no $4,000 wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ katee so.
| Afe Biara Sankɔhwɛ | |
|---|---|
| Adwumayɛfo a wɔtew so, 220 hrs @ $32 | $7,040 |
| Drafting pɛpɛɛpɛ, 60 hrs @ $32 | $1,920 |
| Gyinaesi ahorow a ɛfa awo ho | ~$4,000 |
| Ne nyinaa | ~$12,960 |
Akatua: bɛyɛ mfe 2.3 ansa na wɔasan de sika no ama. SA aban no sika a wɔsan de mae no kaa $0.95 wɔ tag biara ho ne $4,500 a wɔde boa infrastructure, na ɛmaa wɔn sika a wɔsɛee no ankasa no so tew kɔɔ bɛyɛ $20,600. Akatua so tew koduu bɛyɛ asram 18.
Saa akontaabu yi yɛ adwuma wɔ nsenia so. Under 500 head, infrastructure cost per animal nya prohibitive na nokwarem no woretɔ compliance kɛkɛ, ɛnyɛ efficiency. Sanba no pue wɔ baabi bɛyɛ 800-1,000 ti na ɛkɔ anim fi hɔ.
Tebea a Ɛfa Mmara Ho
Australia ahyɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛma nguan ne mpapo EID a ɛyɛ ahyɛde wɔ ɔman no mu. Victoria hyɛɛ aseɛ Ɔbɛnem 2022. WA, SA, ne mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforɔ ahwehwɛdeɛ wɔ ɔman no mu fii aseɛ wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn 2025. NSW de kɔsi Ɔpɛpɔn 2027.
Ɛsɛ sɛ tags yɛ NLIS-agye atom, ɛkyerɛ nkyerɛwde 16-a ɛkyerɛ, na ɛde link kɔ wo Agyapadeɛ Nkyerɛkyerɛmu Mmara no so. Tukɔ a wɔkyerɛw kɔ NLIS database no yɛ ahyɛde. Eyi nyɛ optional bio-ɛyɛ infrastructure a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ adwuma wɔ mmara kwan so.
EU ahwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kɔmputa so nsɛnkyerɛnne fi afe 2010. Wɔde nkyerɛwde abien a wɔde ɛlɛtrɔnik nkyerɛwde biako ahyɛ mu a ɛyɛ ahyɛde ma nguan ne mpapo nyinaa. Sɛ wode nneɛma kɔ EU gua ahorow so anaasɛ wo ne awosu ho nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔyɛ saa reyɛ adwuma a, ɛsɛ sɛ wo nhyehyɛe a wode hu nneɛma no di wɔn gyinapɛn ahorow ho dwuma.
U.S. da so ara yɛ nea efi ne pɛ mu ma nguan ne mpapo pɔtee, ɛwom sɛ anantwi ne bison RFID bɛyɛɛ ahyɛde ma aman ntam akwantu wɔ November 2024. Ɛda adi sɛ 840-series nhyehyɛe a wɔde redi dwuma no bɛtrɛw akɔ mmoa nketewa a wɔwea fam awiei koraa no. Ɛsɛ sɛ adwumayɛ ho nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ ma gua a wɔde kɔ amannɔne anaasɛ wɔne U.S. awo nhyehyɛe ahorow reyɛ adwuma no susuw sɛnea ɛne ne ho hyia ho.
Nea ɛfata sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow:
aban mmoa wɔ Australia aman dodow no ara mu. NSW de $0.76 ma wɔ tag biara ho a ɛkɔ 75% wɔ infrastructure so. SA ma 50% rebates wɔ tags ne $500-20,000 wɔ nnwinnadeɛ a egyina wo movement volumes so. Hwɛ nea ɛwɔ wo tumidi mu ansa na woatɔ.
Ɔhaw Ahorow a Ɛkɔ so Yɛ Recurrin
- Applicator a ɛnteɛ ma tag no.
- Eyi te sɛ nea ɛho nhia nanso ɛde awerɛhow kɛse ba. Wɔayɛ tag applicators ama tag models pɔtee bi. Pin geometry, ahoɔden a wɔhwehwɛ, alignment mechanism-ne nyinaa ne tag pɔtee bi hyia. Fa generic applicator anaa nea wɔayɛ ama brand soronko bi di dwuma na pins bend, aso tetew, tags seat incorrectly. Yɛahu 15% tag loss rates wɔ ɔsram a edi kan no mu fi applicator mismatch nkutoo. Fa applicator a wo tag manufacturer de ama wo no di dwuma bere nyinaa.
- Reader placement a obi a onnyaa mmoa da na ɔyɛ.
- RFID panel akenkanfo wɔ beae a wohu nneɛma a wɔayɛ no bɛyɛ sɛ cylinder a ɛtrɛw fi antenna no so. Ɛsɛ sɛ mmoa fa saa beae no, fael biako, wɔ ahoɔhare a ɛbɛma wɔahu. Fa panels no si baabi a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho ntam kwan ware dodo na mmoa nantew mmeae a wohu no ntam. Fa wɔn si so wɔ sorokɔ a ɛnteɛ na worekenkan mframa a ɛwɔ mmoa no aso atifi. Fa wɔn to baabi a mmoa boaboa wɔn ho ano sen sɛ wɔbɛfa mu na woanya multi-read errors anaa missed reads. Yɛasiesie installations a na nnwinnade a ne bo yɛ den renya ne rated adwumayɛ fã efisɛ obiara ansusuw mmoa nneyɛe ho bere a wɔreyɛ nhyehyɛe no.
- Adetɔ wɔ tag bo nkutoo so.
- Covered this above nanso ɛfata sɛ yɛsan yɛ bio. Nsonsonoe a ɛda $1.50 tag ne $2.80 tag ntam yɛ $1.30 wɔ ti biara mu. Wɔ mmoa 2,000 so no ɛno yɛ $2,600. Nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛyɛ adwuma ne deɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma ntam ne mpempem du du wɔ ɔhaw ano aduru, re-tagging, adwumayɛ a ayera, ne mmara sodi huammɔdi mu. Tag no yɛ ade a ɛka ho. Hwɛ nhyehyɛe no mu.
- Nhyehyɛe biara nni hɔ a wɔde bɛka data abom.
- Tag no kyerɛ aboa no. Ɔkenkanfo no kyere saa nkyerɛkyerɛmu no. Afei dɛn? Sɛ data no te akenkanfo memory anaa app a wɔatwa mu a, woanya ankorankoro nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ne bo yɛ den a enni bo a ɛsom wɔ adwumayɛ so. Ansa na wobɛtɔ nneɛma no, yɛ asase mfonini: Ɔkwan bɛn so na akenkan data kɔ yɛn afuw sohwɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ mu? Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛde nneɛma a wɔde hu nneɛma bata mu duru, ayaresa, awo ho nsɛm a esisi ho? Dɛn na ɛba bere a Bluetooth nkitahodi no di nkogu wɔ gyaade hɔ no? Nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara no de wireless sync ne local storage a USB/CSV export nyinaa ma. Nea enye koraa no to wo mu wɔ proprietary platforms a data portability biara nni mu.
Nea Ɛba Akyi
UHF mfiridwuma a ɛyɛ adwuma bɛyɛ 900 MHz ma akenkan kwan a ɛyɛ mita 3-7 sɛ wɔde toto mita bi ase ma mprempren low-frequency nhyehyɛe ahorow. Batch akenkan a ɛfa trailers nyinaa ho no bɛyɛ nea wobetumi ayɛ. Nsɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔayɛ wɔ Scotland wɔ 320+ mfuw nyinaa mu no ada no adi titiriw sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ 100% wɔ gua so kari mmeae ahorow bere a wɔde toto bɛyɛ 95% ma mprempren LF ho. Anohyeto no ne nsuo ne dadeɛ a ɛtwetwe wɔn ho-wɔda so ara reyɛ ho adwuma-ne infrastructure a ɛne akenkanfoɔ a wɔwɔ hɔ dada no nhyia koraa. Yɛhwɛ kwan sɛ dual-frequency ahwehwɛdeɛ bɛba wɔ afe 2027-2028 mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ tags a ɛne mprempren LF akenkanfoɔ ne UHF nhyehyɛeɛ foforɔ nyinaa yɛ adwuma.
GPS-ahyɛ smart tags yɛ nokware nanso ne bo yɛ den. Ceres Tag ne nneɛma a ɛtete saa no tu mmirika bɛyɛ $80 wɔ tag biara ho, ɛma wohu baabi a ɛwɔ wɔ satellite so a enni asase so nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma, na ɛka nneyɛe a wɔhwɛ so a ebetumi ahyɛ akwahosan ho nsɛm ho agyirae. Mu duru da so ara yɛ kɛse dodo ma nguammaa nkumaa. Ɛsɛ sɛ ɛbo no kɔ fam kodu ebia $25-30 ansa na ntease aba wɔ mmofra a wɔfa wɔn sɛ wɔn mma titiriw no mu. Ebia yɛrehwɛ 2028-2030 ama saa boɔ a egyina mprempren akwan so.
Temperature-sensing RFID tumi hu atiridii nnɔnhwerew 24-72 ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne a wotumi hu aba-ɛho mfaso ankasa ma ɔhome mu yare a ekum nguammaa pii. Nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ hɔ mprempren. Nkabom reyɛ yiye. Ɛfata sɛ wohwɛ sɛ yare a wodi ho dwuma yɛ ɛka kɛse wɔ wo oprehyɛn no mu anaa.
Nea Yɛyɛ
Yɛde RFID identification systems ma nguan ne mpapo adwumayɛ. Tags a efi manufacturers pii hɔ efisɛ brand biako biara nni hɔ a ɛfata tebea biara. Akenkanfo ne mmirikatu ho nhyehyɛe. Software a wɔde bom yɛ adwuma. Installation a wɔde hyɛ mu. Nteteeɛ. Mmoa a ɛkɔ so bere a biribi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no.
Yɛayɛ yei firi afe 2012. Yɛadi mfomsoɔ, yɛayɛ adwuma wɔ deɛ ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa, na yɛasua ɔhaw a ɛfiri nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma mu ba ne instɔlehyɛn ne dwumadie kwan.
Sɛ woresusuw RFID aso agyiraehyɛde ano aduru ho a, yebetumi asusuw wo adwumayɛbea no ho, akamfo mfiridwuma a ɛfata akyerɛ, afa nhyehyɛe a edi mũ aka asɛm, na yɛadi dwumadie ho dwuma. Yebetumi nso ahwɛ nsɛm a woaka afi wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma afoforo hɔ no mu na yɛaka akyerɛ wo sɛ ntease wɔ nsɛm a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu no mu ma wo dwumadi no anaa.
Nkitahodi ho nsɛm wɔ syntekrfid.com. Yɛn ani gye sɛ yɛbɛkasa afa wo tebea no mu ansa na yɛahyɛ bɔ biara.
Syntek RFID – Ɛlektrɔnik mfiri a wɔde hu nneɛma a wɔde yɛ mmoa adwuma
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